In Arequipa (Peru), a small-scale tannery industry cannot afford costly or complicated methods for effluent treatment. In this work, we designed and tested a bubble column bioreactor for tannery effluent treatment based on the native filamentous fungi Penicillium citrinum and Trichoderma viride. The bioreactor construction used low-cost materials, with an easy-to-handle design. The parameters considered for testing were based on current Peruvian legislation. In the bioreactor, P. citrinum successfully reduced the effluent content of sulfides, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) and removed nearly 80% of the chromium (VI) after 120 h of reaction. The resulting treated effluent had a composition within the maximum limits permitted by Peruvian legislation. Trichoderma viride also reduced the content of TSS, COD and sulfides, but decreased the chromium (VI) concentration by only ~ 20% after the same reaction time. Both filamentous fungi were able to grow in the experimental conditions used and the bioremediation process occurred with no significant alteration in pH. These findings indicate that a bubble column bioreactor using P. citrinum as a bioremediator agent provides low-cost, effective technology for treating effluent waste produced by artisanal and small-size tannery factories in the region of Arequipa.

中文翻译：

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使用天然抗铬丝状真菌对制革厂废水进行经济高效的生物修复系统的设计和测试

在阿雷基帕（秘鲁），小型制革业无法负担昂贵或复杂的废水处理方法。在这项工作中，我们设计和测试了基于天然丝状真菌柠檬青霉和绿色木霉的制革厂废水处理用鼓泡塔生物反应器。这种生物反应器的结构采用低成本材料，并具有易于处理的设计。考虑进行测试的参数基于秘鲁现行法规。在生物反应器中，柠檬青霉反应120小时后，成功降低了硫化物，化学需氧量（COD）和总悬浮固体（TSS）的流出量，并去除了近80％的铬（VI）。所得经处理的废水的成分在秘鲁法律允许的最大限制内。在同一反应时间后，木霉木霉也降低了TSS，COD和硫化物的含量，但仅将铬（VI）浓度降低了约20％。两种丝状真菌都能够在所使用的实验条件下生长，并且发生了生物修复过程，pH没有明显改变。这些发现表明使用柑桔体育杆菌的鼓泡塔生物反应器。 作为一种生物修复剂，它提供了低成本，有效的技术来处理阿雷基帕地区手工和小型制革厂产生的废水。