Propolis is known to have multiple biological and pharmacological properties including the regulation of energy homeostasis. Although phenolic compounds are considered to be the major active components in propolis, there is little information available about their mechanisms underlying the regulation of energy homeostasis. In this study, the effects of five phenolic compounds in propolis, chrysin, pinocembrin, galangin, pinobanksin, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) were evaluated on the activation of free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4), which are involved in the control of energy homeostasis by enhancing insulin signaling, increasing glucose uptake, and regulating adipogenesis. The results showed that three phenolic compounds exhibited the activation of FFA4, which were ranked in the order of pinocembrin, CAPE and pinobanksin in FFA4-expressing cells. These results suggest that some phenolic compounds in propolis, particularly pinocembrin, may affect the control of energy homeostasis via the activation of FFA4.

中文翻译：

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蜂胶酚类化合物对游离脂肪酸受体4活化的影响。

已知蜂胶具有多种生物学和药理特性，包括调节能量稳态。尽管酚类化合物被认为是蜂胶中的主要活性成分，但关于其能量稳态调节基础机理的信息很少。在这项研究中，评估了蜂胶，菊花，品辛素，高良姜精，品红素和咖啡酸苯乙酯（CAPE）中五种酚类化合物对游离脂肪酸受体4（FFA4）活化的影响。通过增强胰岛素信号传导，增加葡萄糖摄取和调节脂肪形成来实现能量稳态。结果表明，三种酚类化合物均表现出FFA4的活化作用，其排列顺序为松胚素，表达FFA4的细胞中的CAPE和pinobanksin。这些结果表明，蜂胶中的某些酚类化合物，特别是松皮精，可能会通过激活FFA4影响能量稳态的控制。