The Kalgoorlie district in the Archean Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia contains two world-class gold deposits: the giant Golden Mile shear-zone system and the Mt Charlotte quartz-vein stockworks. Mineralization occurs in three styles: (a) Fimiston style is characterized by ankerite-pyrite ± hematite-magnetite-gold replacement, (b) Oroya style overprints Fimiston ore in the shear zones and is characterized by silica-ankerite-V-muscovite-pyrite ± pyrrhotite-gold-telluride replacement and (c) Mt. Charlotte style is characterized by veins with ankerite-sericite ± albite-pyrite-pyrrhotite-gold selvages. Hydrothermal pyrite is ubiquitous in all styles and occurs in several stages. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) spot analyses ( n = 652) were collected on 54 representative samples of pyrite from three deposits. Smooth sections in the ablation spectra were selected for quantitative analysis excluding peaks caused by micron-sized inclusions. Linear mixed effects (LME) modeling of the analytical results indicates no systematic differences between the Fimiston, Oroya and Mt Charlotte styles. The variance introduced to the dataset by geological variability reflected in random differences between samples and deposits is large. This may be a major reason for difficulties in distinguishing the differences due to mineralization style. However, there are clear differences between pyrites co-existing with different mineral assemblages. These indicate a strong control on pyrite chemistry by the composition of the hydrothermal fluids. Finally, Au-Te-As systematics show that a substantial proportion of the analyzed pyrites in all deposits fall into the field of gold saturation consistent with the known metallurgical character of the ores. Mineralogical studies, ultra-fine grinding and recovery by cyanide leach show that > 82% of all gold is present in native grains or in Au-Ag-tellurides. The refractory nature of the Fimiston pyrite concentrates is due to clusters of micron- to nano-sized inclusions rather than due to abundant lattice-bound gold.

中文翻译：

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西澳大利亚卡尔古利地区金矿床热液黄铁矿的激光烧蚀ICP-MS微量元素系统学

西澳大利亚太古宙伊尔加恩克拉通的卡尔古利地区包含两个世界级的金矿床：巨大的黄金英里剪切带系统和夏洛特山石英脉网。矿化发生在三种类型：(a) Fimiston 类型的特征是铁黄铁矿-赤铁矿-磁铁矿-金置换，(b) Oroya 类型在剪切带中叠印 Fimiston 矿石，其特征是二氧化硅-铁橄榄石-V-白云母-黄铁矿± 磁黄铁矿-金-碲化物置换和（c）山。夏洛特风格的特点是具有铁橄榄石-绢云母 ± 钠长石-黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿-金边的脉。热液黄铁矿在所有类型中无处不在，并且发生在几个阶段。对来自三个矿床的 54 个具有代表性的黄铁矿样品进行了激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱 (LA-ICP-MS) 点分析 (n = 652)。选择烧蚀光谱中的平滑部分进行定量分析，排除由微米级夹杂物引起的峰。分析结果的线性混合效应 (LME) 模型表明，Fimiston、Oroya 和 Mt Charlotte 风格之间没有系统差异。地质变异性引入数据集的方差很大，反映在样本和矿床之间的随机差异上。这可能是难以区分不同矿化类型的主要原因。然而，与不同矿物组合共存的黄铁矿之间存在明显差异。这些表明热液流体的组成对黄铁矿化学有很强的控制。最后，Au-Te-As 系统学表明，所有矿床中大部分经分析的黄铁矿都属于金饱和度领域，与已知的矿石冶金特征一致。矿物学研究、超细研磨和氰化物浸出回收表明，> 82% 的金存在于原生颗粒或 Au-Ag-碲化物中。Fimiston 黄铁矿精矿的耐火特性是由于微米到纳米尺寸的夹杂物簇，而不是由于丰富的晶格束缚金。