Circumferentially grooved seals have been widely used in pumps to eliminate outward leakage of rotating liquid. On many occasions, the turbulent flow enhances the drag force on the interface between the liquid and the stator as well as the interface between the liquid and the rotor, creating much higher heat exchange than the conventional thermal conduction in laminar flows. Attention must be paid in the seal design to prevent rapid heating by the seal liquid to the ambient stator. In this study, the geometry of a circumferentially grooved seal is optimized for a better design of thermal insulation as well as reduction in drag force of the seal fluid. For the forward problem, i.e., the hydraulic and thermal analysis of the seal, the theory of bulk flow is used to simplify the thin-film liquid to a two-dimensional field which preserves the average characteristics of the original flow. The method of three-control volume is adopted to partition the liquid into three types of cavity flows. The governing equations of continuity, momentum, and energy transportation are presented for each control volume, and are approximated by the perturbation method and the Fourier expansion. The fluid and thermal solutions by the present perturbation method are validated by a CFD simulation. For the seal optimization, the multi-objective optimization for thermal insulation and drag reduction is converted into an integrated optimization problem with key geometrical parameters of the seal. Response surfaces are generated through radial basis functions to make the constraint functions explicit for the efficiency of the optimization process. The method of moving asymptotes (MMA) is adopted to find the optimized design of the seal geometry with the best performance of thermal insulation and drag reduction of liquid. Examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present optimization method.

周向沟槽式密封已广泛用于泵中，以消除旋转液体的向外泄漏。在许多情况下，湍流会增加在液体和定子之间的界面以及液体和转子之间的界面上的阻力，从而比层流中的常规热传导产生更高的热交换。密封设计中必须注意防止密封液对周围定子快速加热。在这项研究中，优化了周向带槽密封的几何形状，以实现更好的绝热设计并降低密封液的阻力。对于向前的问题，即密封件的液压和热分析，整体流动理论用于将薄膜液体简化为一个二维场，该场保留了原始流动的平均特性。采用三控量法将液体分为三种腔流。给出了每个控制量的连续性，动量和能量传输的控制方程，并通过微扰方法和傅立叶展开进行近似。通过CFD模拟验证了当前扰动方法的流体和热解。对于密封件优化，将隔热和减阻的多目标优化转换为具有密封件关键几何参数的集成优化问题。通过径向基函数生成响应曲面，以使约束函数明确化，以提高优化过程的效率。采用移动渐近线（MMA）的方法来找到具有最佳隔热性能和减少液体阻力的密封几何形状的优化设计。举例说明了本优化方法的有效性。