When a drop impacts a dry surface at high velocity, it atomises into secondary droplets. These small droplets are generated by one of two types of splashes: either by a prompt splash from the spreading rim at the surface or by a thin corona splash, which levitates from the surface. This study investigates the splashing mechanisms experimentally using multiple high-resolution cameras and characterises the outcome of both splashing types at high Weber and Reynolds numbers. We demonstrate that the prompt splash is well described by the Rayleigh–Taylor instability of the rapidly advancing liquid lamella and determine the boundaries defining this splashing regime, which allows us to distinguish the prompt from the corona splash. Furthermore, we provide an expression to estimate the elapsed time during which the secondary droplets are generated, which is then implemented in the theory of Riboux & Gordillo ( Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 113 (2), 2014, 024507). This theoretical approach together with detailed quantification of the splashing outcome allows us to completely predict the outcome of both splashing types, which includes the mean size, velocity and total ejected volume of the secondary droplets. The detailed model proposed here can be indeed used to understand, characterise and predict more accurately the underlying physics in several applications.

中文翻译：

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关于撞击干燥表面的高速液滴的飞溅

当液滴以高速撞击干燥表面时，它会雾化成二级液滴。这些小液滴是由两种类型的飞溅中的一种产生的：要么是从表面扩散的边缘迅速飞溅，要么是从表面悬浮的薄电晕飞溅。本研究使用多个高分辨率相机通过实验研究飞溅机制，并在高韦伯数和雷诺数下表征两种飞溅类型的结果。我们证明了快速前进的液体薄片的瑞利-泰勒不稳定性很好地描述了快速飞溅，并确定了定义这种飞溅状态的边界，这使我们能够将快速飞溅与电晕飞溅区分开来。此外，我们提供了一个表达式来估计产生二次液滴的时间，然后在 Riboux & Gordillo (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 113 (2), 2014, 024507) 的理论中实施。这种理论方法以及对飞溅结果的详细量化使我们能够完全预测两种飞溅类型的结果，其中包括二次液滴的平均尺寸、速度和总喷射量。此处提出的详细模型确实可用于在多个应用中更准确地理解、表征和预测基础物理。二次液滴的速度和总喷射体积。此处提出的详细模型确实可用于在多个应用中更准确地理解、表征和预测基础物理。二次液滴的速度和总喷射体积。此处提出的详细模型确实可用于在多个应用中更准确地理解、表征和预测基础物理。