The balance of production activities at the landing is pivotal to the success of any forest harvesting operation and has a direct impact on the cost and efficiency of the enterprise. The primary objective of this study was to understand the operational characteristics of the loader in a hot operation (handling both sawlog and biomass components concurrently) and cold operation (handling biomass and sawlogs separately) for harvesting sawlogs and biomass. Systematic work sampling techniques were employed to obtain “snapshots” of the loader activities for a cable logging operation, including the interaction of the loader with other operational phases and delay time for both hot and cold configurations. The results show that for hot loading at the landing, the yarder was the most utilized machine (85%), and was the bottleneck of the operation, followed by the loader (70%). In the hot loading configuration, 39% of operational delay during truck loading was caused by the loader and was predominantly due to movement of the loader within or between the landings. This was followed by the yarder (19%, due to rigging activities) and the chaser (15%, to maintain the crews’ safety). In the cold loading configuration, delays due to the unavailability of roll-off bins constituted up to 77% of the operational delay. This suggests that the number of bins and trucks hauling biomass has a crucial role in the overall efficiency of the biomass harvesting system, and should be well balanced with loading capacity. Additionally, the choice of hot or cold biomass loading operations is highly dependent on the site and operating conditions.

中文翻译：

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在集成生物质回收操作中比较冷热负荷

登陆时的生产活动平衡对于任何森林采伐作业的成功至关重要，并直接影响企业的成本和效率。这项研究的主要目的是了解装载机在热操作（同时处理锯木和生物质组分）和冷操作（分别处理生物质和锯木）以收获锯木和生物质时的操作特性。系统的工作采样技术被用于获取电缆测井操作的装载机活动的“快照”，包括装载机与其他操作阶段的相互作用以及冷热配置的延迟时间。结果表明，对于着陆时的热装，码垛机是利用率最高的机器（85％），并且是操作的瓶颈，其次是装载机（70％）。在热装载配置中，卡车装载过程中39％的操作延迟是由装载机造成的，并且主要是由于装载机在层站内或层站之间移动所致。其次是码木工（19％，由于索具活动）和追赶者（15％，以确保船员的安全）。在冷装载配置中，由于无法提供滚装垃圾箱而导致的延迟最多占运行延迟的77％。这表明拖运生物质的垃圾箱和卡车的数量在生物质收集系统的整体效率中起着至关重要的作用，应与装载量保持良好的平衡。另外，热或冷生物质装载操作的选择高度依赖于现场和操作条件。卡车装载过程中39％的操作延迟是由装载机造成的，并且主要是由于装载机在层站内或层站之间移动所致。其次是码木工（19％，由于索具活动）和追赶者（15％，以确保船员的安全）。在冷装载配置中，由于无法提供滚装垃圾箱而导致的延迟最多占运行延迟的77％。这表明拖运生物质的垃圾箱和卡车的数量在生物质收集系统的整体效率中起着至关重要的作用，应与装载量保持良好的平衡。另外，热或冷生物质装载操作的选择高度依赖于现场和操作条件。卡车装载过程中39％的操作延迟是由装载机造成的，并且主要是由于装载机在层站内或层站之间移动所致。其次是码木工（19％，由于索具活动）和追赶者（15％，以确保船员的安全）。在冷装载配置中，由于无法提供滚装垃圾箱而导致的延迟最多占运行延迟的77％。这表明拖运生物质的垃圾箱和卡车的数量在生物质收集系统的整体效率中起着至关重要的作用，应与装载量保持良好的平衡。另外，热或冷生物质装载操作的选择高度依赖于现场和操作条件。