In this paper, we investigate several types of “natural or bio sourced templates” (sugar, salt, bone, coral, PLA 3D-printed scaffolds) for a the simple elaboration of macro porous thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers, especially based on resins commonly used in composites manufacturing. Open-cell, macro porous polymer foams are obtained from resin impregnation of the template. The process consists of 3 simple steps: (a) impregnation (infiltration/infusion) of the template, (b) polymerization of the resin, (c) removal of template, mainly by water. We compared several resins and showed that a low viscosity and a sufficient wettability enable fast impregnation of templates, where impregnation times are < 4 min for samples on 10 to 30 mm thicknesses. The resulting polymeric porous structure is the overall replication of the template, exhibiting mainly open pores in the range of 100 to 500 μm, and densities from 0.25 to 0.4 g cm⁻³. Such open foams behave as sponges and can (re) absorb liquids either polar (water), alcohols or non polar liquids such as silicon oil, which are filling the entire void volume. We proved the feasibility of an easy and fast impregnation by composite resins to provide either rigid or soft porous polymers (or ‘foams’) that can be further chemically modified. On the other side, before polymerization, the introduction of a functional additive to the reactive infusion formulation, provides homogeneously functionalized foams. Here an impact modifier is tested.

在本文中，我们研究了几种“天然或生物来源的模板”（糖，盐，骨头，珊瑚，PLA 3D打印的支架），用于简单地加工大孔热塑性或热固性聚合物，特别是基于常用的树脂在复合材料制造中。开孔，宏观多孔聚合物泡沫是从模板的树脂浸渍获得的。该方法包括三个简单的步骤：（a）模板的浸渍（渗透/注入），（b）树脂的聚合，（c）主要通过水去除模板。我们比较了几种树脂，结果表明，低粘度和足够的润湿性可以使模板快速浸渍，其中10至30 mm厚度的样品的浸渍时间小于4分钟。所得的聚合物多孔结构是模板的整体复制，⁻³。这种开放的泡沫就像海绵一样，可以（重新）吸收极性（水），酒精或非极性液体（例如硅油），这些液体会填满整个空隙。我们证明了通过复合树脂轻松，快速地浸渍以提供可以进一步进行化学改性的刚性或软质多孔聚合物（或“泡沫”）的可行性。另一方面，在聚合之前，将功能性添加剂引入反应性输注制剂中可提供均质功能化的泡沫。在这里测试了抗冲改性剂。