Context Landscape graphs are widely used to model networks of habitat patches. As they require little input data, they are particularly suitable for supporting conservation decisions (and decisions about other issues as e.g. disease spread) taken by land planners. However, it may be problematic to use these methods in operational contexts without validating them with empirical data on species or communities. Objectives Since little is known about methodological alternatives for coupling landscape graphs with biological data, we have made an exhaustive review of these methods to analyze links between the main purposes of the studies, the way landscape graphs are constructed and used, the type of field data, and the way these data are integrated into the analysis. Methods We systematically describe a corpus of 71 scientific papers dealing with terrestrial species, with particular emphasis on methodological choices and contexts of the studies. Results Despite a great variability of types of biological data and coupling strategies, our analyses reveal a dichotomy according to the objective of the studies, between (i) approaches aimed at improving ecological knowledge, mainly based on land-cover maps and using biological data to test the influence of landscape connectivity on biological responses, and (ii) approaches with an operational aim, in which biological data are directly integrated into the graph construction and assuming a positive effect of connectivity. Conclusions Beyond these main contrasts, the review shows that landscape graphs can benefit from field data of different types at varying scales. The great variability of approaches adopted reveals the flexible nature of these tools.

中文翻译：

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耦合景观图建模和生物数据：综述

上下文景观图被广泛用于对栖息地斑块网络进行建模。由于它们几乎不需要输入数据，因此它们特别适合支持土地规划者做出的保护决策（以及有关其他问题的决策，例如疾病传播）。然而，在操作环境中使用这些方法而没有用物种或群落的经验数据对其进行验证可能会有问题。目标 由于对将景观图与生物数据耦合的方法论替代方案知之甚少，我们对这些方法进行了详尽的回顾，以分析研究的主要目的、景观图的构建和使用方式、现场数据的类型之间的联系。 ，以及将这些数据整合到分析中的方式。方法 我们系统地描述了 71 篇涉及陆生物种的科学论文的语料库，特别强调了研究的方法选择和背景。结果 尽管生物数据类型和耦合策略存在很大差异，但我们的分析揭示了根据研究目标的二分法：（i）旨在提高生态知识的方法，主要基于土地覆盖图和使用生物数据测试景观连通性对生物反应的影响，以及 (ii) 具有操作目标的方法，其中生物数据直接集成到图形构建中并假设连通性的积极影响。结论 除了这些主要对比之外，该评论还表明景观图可以从不同规模的不同类型的现场数据中受益。