Polysiloxanes have been found to be the most important and commercial family of synthetic inorganic polymers. The unique structure of the siloxane bond provides them with unusual features such as a high bond angle, nearly inexistent torsional barrier and a semi-ionic character due to the difference of electronegativities between the silicon and oxygen atoms. Also, silicon-based polymers have been used for the delivery of pharmaceutical and diagnostic compounds involving the use of nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes, as well as hydrogels, including those based on silicon compounds. Hydrogels based on silicon polyolates are rather promising. Some of them exhibit pronounced anti-inflammatory, regenerating, and protective activity, readily penetrate the organism and facilitate drug penetration into the tissues. Due to these properties, polysiloxanes have encountered a big opportunity as an important material in the area of biomedical engineering; the big influence they have in the area of prosthetic dentistry, tissue engineering, cell growth, wounded skin treatments is noteworthy. For the reasons briefly described above, we consider the fact of doing a review about how the polysiloxanes have been used over the years as polymeric matrices that are used in several applications in the field of biomedical engineering.

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聚硅氧烷作为生物医学工程中的聚合物基质：其有趣的特性是用于医学科学的原因

已发现聚硅氧烷是合成无机聚合物中最重要和最商业化的家族。硅氧烷键的独特结构为它们提供了不同寻常的特性，例如高键角、几乎不存在扭转势垒以及由于硅原子和氧原子之间的电负性不同而具有半离子特性。此外，基于硅的聚合物已用于递送药物和诊断化合物，包括使用具有不同形状和大小的纳米粒子以及水凝胶，包括基于硅化合物的那些。基于硅多元醇的水凝胶相当有前途。它们中的一些表现出明显的抗炎、再生和保护活性，容易渗透生物体并促进药物渗透到组织中。由于这些特性，聚硅氧烷作为生物医学工程领域的重要材料遇到了巨大的机遇；他们在修复牙科、组织工程、细胞生长、皮肤损伤治疗领域的巨大影响是值得注意的。出于上述简要说明的原因，我们考虑对多年来聚硅氧烷如何作为聚合物基质使用的事实进行审查，这些聚合物基质用于生物医学工程领域的多种应用。