Compact clusters and small berry size are the major problems associated with the commercialization of table grapes. The application of gibberellic acid 3 (GA 3 ) has been a long-followed practice to overcome these issues. To analyze the molecular response of ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes to GA 3 treatment, we investigated the metabolomes of its rachises, clusters, and berries, 6 h and 24 h after the treatment. Metabolite profiling using non-targeted metabolomics approach revealed several metabolites, including arginine, proline, tyrosine, kaempferol, resveratrol, catechin, and so on as possible biomarkers of GA 3 treatment in grapes. GA 3 treatment greatly impacted the alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathways, and the GA 3 -mediated alterations in the levels of certain plant growth regulators and primary metabolites were in accordance with important growth and developmental processes in grapes. This study highlights the effect of GA 3 on the profiles of certain polyphenols impacting the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways and hence the nutritional aspect of grapes. The results of this study would be useful to develop self-elongating varieties simplifying the grape cultivation.

中文翻译：

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非靶向代谢组学揭示赤霉酸在“汤普森无核”葡萄中诱导独特的分子反应

紧凑的葡萄串和小浆果是与鲜食葡萄商业化相关的主要问题。应用赤霉酸 3 (GA 3 ) 已成为克服这些问题的长期实践。为了分析“Thompson Seedless”葡萄对 GA 3 处理的分子反应，我们在处理后 6 小时和 24 小时研究了其轴、簇和浆果的代谢组学。使用非靶向代谢组学方法的代谢物分析揭示了几种代谢物，包括精氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸、山奈酚、白藜芦醇、儿茶素等，可能是葡萄中 GA 3 处理的生物标志物。GA 3 处理极大地影响了丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢途径，GA 3 介导的某些植物生长调节剂和初级代谢物水平的改变与葡萄的重要生长和发育过程一致。该研究强调了 GA 3 对影响黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成途径的某些多酚谱的影响，从而影响葡萄的营养方面。这项研究的结果将有助于开发简化葡萄栽培的自伸长品种。