In Mexican herbal medicines or natural remedies, Turnera diffusa (Turneraceae) known as “Damiana de California”, has ethnopharmacological relevance, including aphrodisiac, diuretic, and antimicrobial activities. To explore the immunological effect of infusion and methanolic extracts from Damiana de California, this study investigated its chemical, biological, antimicrobial and immunological properties in Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana leukocytes. The analysis of chemical compounds revealed a considerable level of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the infusion compared with methanolic extract. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity showed high hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in infusion extract compared with BHT positive control. Superoxide radical scavenging activity and ion chelation was higher in methanolic extract follow by infusion treatment. Interestingly, notable antimicrobial activity was observed in both extracts of T. diffusa against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. An in vitro study was realized using leukocytes of S. rivoliana treated with infusion or methanolic extracts at 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/mL for 24 h. Remarkably, infusion extract induced proliferation at any concentration but not the methanolic extract, which was diminished in a dose-dependent fashion. The immunostimulation study demonstrated that the phagocytosis activity increased in those leukocytes stimulated with methanolic extract but diminish significantly in the respiratory burst activity, in contrast to the activity observed in those leukocytes stimulated with infusion treatment. Finally, leukocytes incubated with the extracts and confronted with Vibrio parahaemolyticus up-regulated the transcription of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β gene in a dose response relationship. These findings suggest that the infusion treatment has potential therapeutic properties, promoting the antioxidant capacity and enhancing immune parameters in Longfin yellowtail S. rivoliana.

在墨西哥的草药或自然疗法，时钟花属白花蛇舌草称为“达米阿那德加州”（时钟花科）有ethnopharmacological相关性，其中包括壮阳药，利尿，和抗菌活性。为探讨加利福尼亚州达米亚纳（Damiana de California）的输液和甲醇提取物的免疫学作用，本研究调查了其在长鳍黄尾S（Seriola rivoliana）中的化学，生物学，抗菌和免疫特性。白细胞。化学化合物的分析表明，与甲醇提取物相比，输注液中的总酚和类黄酮含量相当高。此外，与BHT阳性对照相比，输注提取物中的抗氧化剂活性表现出较高的清除羟自由基的活性。甲醇提取物中的超氧化物自由基清除活性和离子螯合较高，随后进行输注处理。有趣的是，在两种白花蛇舌草提取物中均观察到了对副溶血性弧菌的显着抗菌活性。的体外研究使用的白细胞实现S. rivoliana用12.5、25和50μg/ mL的输注液或甲醇提取物处理24小时。值得注意的是，输注提取物可诱导任何浓度的增殖，但不会诱导甲醇提取物的增殖，甲醇提取物以剂量依赖性方式减少。免疫刺激研究表明，与用输注处理刺激的白细胞观察到的活性相反，用甲醇提取物刺激的白细胞的吞噬活性增加，但呼吸爆发活性显着降低。最后，白细胞与提取物一起孵育并面对副溶血性弧菌在剂量反应关系中上调促炎细胞因子IL-1β基因的转录。这些发现表明，该输注治疗具有潜在的治疗特性，提高了龙鳍黄尾S. rivoliana的抗氧化能力并增强了免疫参数。