Visualization of soil structure interaction during projectile penetration of clay is made possible by use of a surrogate composed of magnesium lithium phyllosilicate combined with high-speed photography and digital image correlation. A free-falling penetrator striking at 5.5 m/s simulated a projectile. Penetration resistance was constant within the resolution of the experiment; it was mainly due to the bearing resistance of the soil in contact with the nose, rather than skin friction. Bearing resistance in dynamic penetration for a hemispherical-nose rod was about 20% higher than quasi-static tests using a sphere. Bearing resistance was also about 20% higher for a hemispherical nose compared to a conical nose. Cavitation behind the nose is dependent on its shape with soils rebounding toward the projectile for conical noses but not hemispherical ones.

中文翻译：

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透明黏土模拟物渗透过程中的土弹相互作用

通过使用由层状硅酸镁锂构成的替代物，并结合高速摄影和数字图像相关性，可以直观地观察粘土在弹丸渗透过程中的土壤结构相互作用。一个自由下落的穿透器以5.5 m / s的速度撞击，模拟了一个弹丸。在实验范围内的抗渗透性是恒定的；这主要是由于与鼻子接触的土壤的承载力，而不是皮肤的摩擦。半球形鼻杆在动态穿透中的轴承阻力比使用球体的准静态测试高约20％。与圆锥形鼻子相比，半球形鼻子的轴承阻力也高约20％。