Pd/C, PdAu/C, PdCu/C, and PdTiO₂/C electrocatalysts were prepared by a sodium borohydride reduction process for methane activation at low temperatures in a PEMFC reactor. These electrocatalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, ICP-MS, ATR-FTIR, and cyclic voltammetry. The diffractograms of Pd/C, PdAu(50:50)/C, PdCu(50:50)/C, and PdTiO₂(50:50)/C electrocatalysts showed peaks associated with Pd face-centered cubic structure. PdAu(50:50)/C showed a small shift in the peak center when it was compared to Pd/C, while PdCu(50:50)/C showed a shift to higher angles when it was also compared to Pd/C. This effect can be due to the formation of an alloy between Pd and Au, and Pd and Cu. By TEM experiments, a mean nanoparticle size was observed between 6.9 and 8.9 nm for all electrocatalysts. Cyclic voltammograms of Pd/C, PdAu/C, PdCu/C and PdTiO₂/C electrocatalysts showed an increase in current density values after the adsorption of methane The ATR-FTIR experiments showed for all electrocatalysts the formation of methanol and formic acidic. Polarization curves at 80 °C acquired in a PEMFC reactor showed that PdAu(50:50)/C and PdTiO₂(50:50)/C had superior performance when compared to Pd/C, indicating the beneficial effect of adding the co-catalyst; this behavior has been attributed to the bifunctional mechanism or electronic effect.

Pd / C，PdAu / C，PdCu / C和PdTiO ₂ / C电催化剂是通过硼氢化钠还原工艺制备的，用于在PEMFC反应器中进行低温甲烷活化。这些电催化剂的特征在于XRD，TEM，XPS，ICP-MS，ATR-FTIR和循环伏安法。Pd / C，PdAu（50:50）/ C，PdCu（50:50）/ C和PdTiO _2的衍射图（50:50）/ C电催化剂显示出与Pd面心立方结构相关的峰。当与Pd / C比较时，PdAu（50:50）/ C的峰中心发生很小的偏移，而当与Pd / C比较时，PdCu（50:50）/ C的峰中心也发生了偏移。该效果可能是由于在Pd和Au之间以及Pd和Cu之间形成了合金。通过TEM实验，对于所有电催化剂，观察到平均纳米颗粒尺寸在6.9至8.9nm之间。Pd / C，PdAu / C，PdCu / C和PdTiO ₂ / C电催化剂的循环伏安图显示，甲烷吸附后电流密度值增加。ATR -FTIR实验表明，所有电催化剂均会形成甲醇和甲酸。在PEMFC反应器中获得的80°C极化曲线表明PdAu（50:50）/ C和PdTiO ₂（50:50）/ C的性能优于Pd / C，表明添加助催化剂的有益效果。此行为已归因于双功能机制或电子效应。