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Methane activation at low temperature in an acidic electrolyte using PdAu/C, PdCu/C, and PdTiO2/C electrocatalysts for PEMFC

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Abstract

Pd/C, PdAu/C, PdCu/C, and PdTiO2/C electrocatalysts were prepared by a sodium borohydride reduction process for methane activation at low temperatures in a PEMFC reactor. These electrocatalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, ICP-MS, ATR-FTIR, and cyclic voltammetry. The diffractograms of Pd/C, PdAu(50:50)/C, PdCu(50:50)/C, and PdTiO2(50:50)/C electrocatalysts showed peaks associated with Pd face-centered cubic structure. PdAu(50:50)/C showed a small shift in the peak center when it was compared to Pd/C, while PdCu(50:50)/C showed a shift to higher angles when it was also compared to Pd/C. This effect can be due to the formation of an alloy between Pd and Au, and Pd and Cu. By TEM experiments, a mean nanoparticle size was observed between 6.9 and 8.9 nm for all electrocatalysts. Cyclic voltammograms of Pd/C, PdAu/C, PdCu/C and PdTiO2/C electrocatalysts showed an increase in current density values after the adsorption of methane The ATR-FTIR experiments showed for all electrocatalysts the formation of methanol and formic acidic. Polarization curves at 80 °C acquired in a PEMFC reactor showed that PdAu(50:50)/C and PdTiO2(50:50)/C had superior performance when compared to Pd/C, indicating the beneficial effect of adding the co-catalyst; this behavior has been attributed to the bifunctional mechanism or electronic effect.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the CAPES, FAPESP (2014/09087-4, 2014/50279-4, 2017/11937-4, 2017/21846-6 and 2017/22976-0), CINE-SHELL (ANP)/FAPESP Grants (2017/11937-4), and CNPq (300816/2016-2 and 429727/2018-6) for the financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242 Cidade Universitária, Sãopaulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil

    Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza, Fabio Coral Fonseca, Almir Oliveira Neto & Julio Nandenha

  2. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Santo André, SP, 09210-170, Brazil

    Felipe de Moura Souza, Bruno Lemos Batista & Mauro Coelho dos Santos

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  1. Felipe de Moura Souza
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  5. Fabio Coral Fonseca
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Correspondence to Julio Nandenha.

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de Moura Souza, F., de Souza, R.F.B., Batista, B.L. et al. Methane activation at low temperature in an acidic electrolyte using PdAu/C, PdCu/C, and PdTiO2/C electrocatalysts for PEMFC. Res Chem Intermed 46, 2481–2496 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-020-04102-1

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