In this study, it is aimed to investigate alloys that can replace lead and its derivatives in terms of radiation shielding. A new alternative shielding material must have optimum properties that should be present in a protective material. For this purpose, this study focused on the determination of the radiation-shielding characteristics of five different alloys named Tin-Silver, Manganin-R, Hastelloy-B, Hastelloy-X and Dilver-P. The photon interaction parameters ( µ , µ m , λ , X 1/2 , σ T , σ e , Z eff , N eff , σ eff and RPE) that give significant information about the radiation shielding capacities of the materials were calculated for the alloys in the energy range from 30 to 1333 keV. The narrow-beam transmission geometry was used to determine these parameters accurately and was adjusted such that the error rate is minimized. The present samples were irradiated with photons of nineteen different photon energies emitted from seven different radionuclides ( 241 Am, 133 Ba, 109 Cd, 152 Eu, 22 Na, 137 Cs and 60 Co). Photon intensities were measured by using two different detectors (Si(Li) and NaI(Tl)) for convenient photon energy regions. Then, these parameters were also calculated theoretically using Phy-X/PSD software in order to compare the experimental and theoretical results. Furthermore, the R inc/total , Z eq , G-P fitting coefficients ( a , b , c , d and X K ) and exposure build-up factors ( β ) for the alloys were calculated using Phy-X/PSD software at photon energy range from 0.015 to 15 MeV. In order to make a significant comparison about the shielding capacities of investigated alloys, the µ m values obtained for the alloys were compared with corresponding values of Pb metal, RS 253 glass and Cupero-Nickel alloy. Consequently, the descending order of MAC values in the all surveyed energy region was obtained as Tin-Silver > Manganin-R > Hastelloy-B > Hastelloy-X > Dilver-P. In the low energy region, it was found that the all present alloys have better shielding performances than RS 253 glass and Cupero-Nickel alloy. The experimental results also revealed that the Tin-Silver alloy has 25% better shielding performance than Pb metal in the energy range of 30–88 keV. Finally, it was concluded that Manganin-R alloy could be considered as the most ideal shielding material in the entire photon energies studied along with its other superior features (high density (10.22 g cm −3 ), high melting point (2500–2600 °C), high tensile strength (560–1150 MPa), high modulus of elasticity (320 GPa) and high specific heat (305 J K −1 kg −1 ) although the Tin-Silver alloy had the highest µ m values among the examined alloys.

中文翻译：

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Tin-Silver、Manganin-R、Hastelloy-B、Hastelloy-X和Dilver-P合金辐射屏蔽特性的综合研究

在这项研究中，旨在研究在辐射屏蔽方面可以替代铅及其衍生物的合金。新的替代屏蔽材料必须具有保护材料应具有的最佳特性。为此，本研究重点确定了五种不同合金的辐射屏蔽特性，即锡银、锰铜-R、哈氏合金-B、哈氏合金-X 和 Dilver-P。光子相互作用参数（ µ 、 µ m 、 λ 、 X 1/2 、σ T 、σ e 、Z eff 、N eff 、σ eff 和 RPE）可提供有关材料辐射屏蔽能力的重要信息，其计算如下：能量范围为 30 至 1333 keV 的合金。窄波束传输几何用于准确确定这些参数，并进行调整以使错误率最小化。本样品用从 7 种不同放射性核素（241 Am、133 Ba、109 Cd、152 Eu、22 Na、137 Cs 和 60 Co）发射的 19 种不同光子能量的光子照射。光子强度通过使用两种不同的探测器（Si(Li) 和 NaI(Tl)）来测量方便的光子能量区域。然后，还使用 ​​Phy-X/PSD 软件对这些参数进行了理论计算，以比较实验和理论结果。此外，使用 Phy-X/PSD 软件在光子能量范围内计算了合金的 R inc/total 、Z eq 、GP 拟合系数（ a 、 b 、 c 、 d 和 XK ）和曝光累积因子（ β ）从 0.015 到 15 MeV。为了对所研究合金的屏蔽能力进行重要比较，将合金获得的 µm 值与 Pb 金属、RS 253 玻璃和铜镍合金的相应值进行比较。因此，在所有调查的能量区域中，MAC 值的降序为 Tin-Silver > Manganin-R > Hastelloy-B > Hastelloy-X > Dilver-P。在低能区，发现所有存在的合金都比RS 253玻璃和铜镍合金具有更好的屏蔽性能。实验结果还表明，在 30-88 keV 的能量范围内，锡银合金的屏蔽性能比铅金属高 25%。最后，得出结论，在所研究的整个光子能量中，锰-R合金可被认为是最理想的屏蔽材料以及其他优越的特性（高密度（10.22 g cm -3 ），高熔点（2500-2600°） C），