Reconstructive surgery of the penis holds many unique challenges due to the unique physiological properties of the tissues. Much of the effort involved therefore goes to preserving as much of the native tissue as possible whilst novel and creative methods have been adopted to repair defects and in creation of neophallus. A search of the PubMed database was carried out using the following keywords: ‘penile trauma’, ‘penile cancer’, ‘lichen sclerosus’, ‘glansectomy’, ‘glans resurfacing’, ‘penile-sparing surgery’, ‘micropenis’, ‘aphallia’, ‘female-to-male sex reassignment surgery’, ‘scrotal flap’ and ‘genital lymphoedema’. Results for glans resurfacing in treating cancer showed low local recurrence rates at 0–10% whilst 90% of lichen sclerosus patients reported complete resolutions of pain and pruritis. For repairs of penile shaft skin defects the literature supports the use of full-thickness skin graft and pedicled scrotal flaps. The radial artery-based forearm free flap remains the best option for neophallus creation in terms of function, sensation and cosmesis but unfortunately leaves a disfiguring scar and involves multiple stages. Some novel techniques have been developed to circumvent these issues and are discussed. This article presents an update on the important developments in the field of penile reconstructive surgery.

阴茎的重建手术由于组织独特的生理特性而面临许多独特的挑战。因此，所涉及的大部分努力都用于保存尽可能多的天然组织，同时已采用新颖和创新的方法来修复缺陷和创建新的眼睑。使用以下关键字对PubMed数据库进行搜索：“阴茎创伤”，“阴茎癌”，“地衣硬化”，“龟头切除术”，“龟头表面重铺”，“保留阴茎的手术”，“微型阴茎”，“ aphallia”，“男女重分配手术”，“阴囊皮瓣”和“生殖器淋巴水肿”。龟头重铺治疗癌症的结果显示局部复发率较低，为0–10％，而90％的地衣硬化症患者报告称疼痛和瘙痒症完全消失。对于阴茎干皮肤缺损的修复，文献支持使用全厚度皮肤移植物和带蒂的阴囊皮瓣。就功能，感觉和美容而言，基于radial动脉的无前臂游离皮瓣仍然是创建新睑的最佳选择，但不幸的是留下了毁容性的疤痕并涉及多个阶段。已经开发出一些新颖的技术来规避这些问题并进行讨论。本文介绍了阴茎重建手术领域的重要进展。已经开发出一些新颖的技术来规避这些问题并进行讨论。本文介绍了阴茎重建手术领域的重要进展。已经开发出一些新颖的技术来规避这些问题并进行讨论。本文介绍了阴茎重建手术领域的重要进展。