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Molecular profile of non-aflatoxigenic phenotype in native strains of Aspergillus flavus
Archives of Microbiology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-15 , DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01822-1
K Raksha Rao 1, 2 , A V Vipin 1, 2 , G Venkateswaran 1, 2
Affiliation  

Aflatoxins are the most common mycotoxin contaminant reported in food and feed. Aflatoxin B1, the most toxic among different aflatoxins, is known to cause hepatocellular carcinoma in animals. Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus are the main producers of aflatoxins and are widely distributed in tropical countries. Even though several robust strategies have been in use to control aflatoxin contamination, the control at the pre-harvest level is primitive and incompetent. Therefore, the aim of the study was to isolate and identify the non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus and to delineate the molecular mechanism for the loss of aflatoxin production by the non-aflatoxigenic isolates. Eighteen non-aflatoxigenic strains were isolated from various biological sources using cultural and analytical methods. Among the 18 isolates, 8 isolates produced sclerotia and 17 isolates had type I deletion in norB-cypA region. The isolates were confirmed as A. flavus using gene-specific PCR and sequencing of the ITS region. Later, aflatoxin gene-specific PCR revealed that the defect in one or more genes has led to non-aflatoxigenic phenotype. The strain R9 had maximum defect, and genes avnA and verB had the highest frequency of defect among the non-aflatoxigenic strains. Further, qRT-PCR confirmed that the non-aflatoxigenic strains had high frequency of defect or downregulation in the late pathway genes compared to early pathway genes. Thus, these non-aflatoxigenic strains can be the potential candidates for an effective and proficient strategy for the control of pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination.

中文翻译:

黄曲霉天然菌株中非黄曲霉毒素表型的分子特征

黄曲霉毒素是食品和饲料中报告的最常见的霉菌毒素污染物。黄曲霉毒素 B1 是各种黄曲霉毒素中毒性最强的,已知会导致动物肝细胞癌。黄曲霉和寄生曲霉是黄曲霉毒素的主要生产者,广泛分布于热带国家。尽管已经使用了几种强有力的策略来控制黄曲霉毒素污染,但收获前水平的控制是原始和无能的。因此,本研究的目的是分离和鉴定非黄曲霉毒素黄曲霉,并描绘非黄曲霉毒素分离株产生黄曲霉毒素损失的分子机制。使用培养和分析方法从各种生物来源中分离出 18 种非黄曲霉毒素菌株。在这 18 个分离株中,8株产生菌核,17株在norB-cypA区有I型缺失。使用基因特异性 PCR 和 ITS 区域测序确认分离株为黄曲霉。后来,黄曲霉毒素基因特异性 PCR 揭示了一个或多个基因的缺陷导致了非黄曲霉毒素表型。在非黄曲霉毒素菌株中,菌株 R9 的缺陷最多,基因 avnA 和 verB 的缺陷频率最高。此外,qRT-PCR 证实,与早期途径基因相比,非黄曲霉毒素菌株在晚期途径基因中具有高频率的缺陷或下调。因此,这些非黄曲霉毒素菌株可以成为控制收获前黄曲霉毒素污染的有效且熟练的策略的潜在候选者。flavus 使用基因特异性 PCR 和 ITS 区域测序。后来,黄曲霉毒素基因特异性 PCR 揭示了一个或多个基因的缺陷导致了非黄曲霉毒素表型。在非黄曲霉毒素菌株中,菌株 R9 的缺陷最多,基因 avnA 和 verB 的缺陷频率最高。此外,qRT-PCR 证实,与早期途径基因相比,非黄曲霉毒素菌株在晚期途径基因中具有高频率的缺陷或下调。因此,这些非黄曲霉毒素菌株可以成为控制收获前黄曲霉毒素污染的有效且熟练的策略的潜在候选者。flavus 使用基因特异性 PCR 和 ITS 区域测序。后来,黄曲霉毒素基因特异性 PCR 揭示了一个或多个基因的缺陷导致了非黄曲霉毒素表型。在非黄曲霉毒素菌株中,菌株 R9 的缺陷最多,基因 avnA 和 verB 的缺陷频率最高。此外,qRT-PCR 证实,与早期途径基因相比,非黄曲霉毒素菌株在晚期途径基因中具有高频率的缺陷或下调。因此,这些非黄曲霉毒素菌株可以成为控制收获前黄曲霉毒素污染的有效且熟练的策略的潜在候选者。在非黄曲霉毒素菌株中,菌株 R9 的缺陷最多,基因 avnA 和 verB 的缺陷频率最高。此外,qRT-PCR 证实,与早期途径基因相比,非黄曲霉毒素菌株在晚期途径基因中具有高频率的缺陷或下调。因此,这些非黄曲霉毒素菌株可以成为控制收获前黄曲霉毒素污染的有效且熟练的策略的潜在候选者。在非黄曲霉毒素菌株中,菌株 R9 的缺陷最多,基因 avnA 和 verB 的缺陷频率最高。此外,qRT-PCR 证实,与早期途径基因相比,非黄曲霉毒素菌株在晚期途径基因中具有高频率的缺陷或下调。因此,这些非黄曲霉毒素菌株可以成为控制收获前黄曲霉毒素污染的有效且熟练的策略的潜在候选者。
更新日期:2020-02-15
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