With more than half of the global population living in cities, the urban areas are also teeming with animals, including peridomestic wildlife, pets, and livestock. Urban animals may carry zoonotic pathogens, and crowded conditions in cities can increase the risk for the human population. We used a systematic approach to screen two publication databases as well as gray literature, and quantified the studies conducted on zoonoses in urban animals with respect to the geographic distribution, the host animal and pathogens. Out of 876 references found, 93 were included into final data extraction. Few studies were from the rapidly expanding cities in low- and middle-income countries where urban livestock-keeping is far more prominent than in high-income countries. Most studies were performed in peridomestic wildlife and pets, less in livestock. The most common category of pathogens studied were gastrointestinal parasites followed by gastrointestinal bacteria, whereas studies on some other zoonoses internationally recognized as critical for public health were few or absent. In conclusion, to mitigate the risks of emergence of zoonoses from urban animals this review highlights the research gaps on zoonoses, particularly in livestock in rapidly growing tropical cities and a more comprehensive inclusion of pathogens prioritized by WHO and OIE.

中文翻译：

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城市动物中的人畜共患病原体：是否有足够的研究来保护城市人口的健康？

由于全球一半以上的人口居住在城市，城市地区也充满了动物，包括家畜、宠物和牲畜。城市动物可能携带人畜共患病病原体，而城市拥挤的环境会增加人类面临的风险。我们使用系统的方法筛选两个出版物数据库以及灰色文献，并量化了对城市动物人畜共患病的地理分布、宿主动物和病原体的研究。在找到的 876 个参考文献中，有 93 个被纳入最终数据提取。很少有研究来自中低收入国家迅速扩张的城市，这些国家的城市畜牧业远比高收入国家更为突出。大多数研究是在周边野生动物和宠物中进行的，牲畜较少。研究的最常见病原体类别是胃肠道寄生虫，其次是胃肠道细菌，而对国际公认对公共卫生至关重要的其他一些人畜共患病的研究很少或没有。总之，为了降低城市动物出现人畜共患病的风险，本综述强调了人畜共患病的研究空白，特别是在快速发展的热带城市的牲畜中，以及更全面地纳入了 WHO 和 OIE 优先考虑的病原体。