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Zoonotic pathogens in urban animals: Enough research to protect the health of the urban population?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 February 2020

Johanna Lindahl Open the ORCID record for Johanna Lindahl [Opens in a new window]  and
Ulf Magnusson
Johanna Lindahl*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, 75007Uppsala, Sweden Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, 751 23Uppsala, Sweden Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709, 00100Nairobi, Kenya
Ulf Magnusson
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, 75007Uppsala, Sweden
*
Author for correspondence: Johanna Lindahl, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, 75007Uppsala, Sweden. E-mail: Johanna.lindahl@slu.se
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Abstract

With more than half of the global population living in cities, the urban areas are also teeming with animals, including peridomestic wildlife, pets, and livestock. Urban animals may carry zoonotic pathogens, and crowded conditions in cities can increase the risk for the human population. We used a systematic approach to screen two publication databases as well as gray literature, and quantified the studies conducted on zoonoses in urban animals with respect to the geographic distribution, the host animal and pathogens. Out of 876 references found, 93 were included into final data extraction. Few studies were from the rapidly expanding cities in low- and middle-income countries where urban livestock-keeping is far more prominent than in high-income countries. Most studies were performed in peridomestic wildlife and pets, less in livestock. The most common category of pathogens studied were gastrointestinal parasites followed by gastrointestinal bacteria, whereas studies on some other zoonoses internationally recognized as critical for public health were few or absent. In conclusion, to mitigate the risks of emergence of zoonoses from urban animals this review highlights the research gaps on zoonoses, particularly in livestock in rapidly growing tropical cities and a more comprehensive inclusion of pathogens prioritized by WHO and OIE.

Keywords

Emerging infectious diseasespublic healthurban livestock keepingurbanizationzoonosis
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , June 2020 , pp. 50 - 60
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

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