Mycotoxins produced by certain fungal species of the Fusarium genus are frequently found as contaminants in cereals and feedstuffs. Fumonisins (FBs), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are of special concern relative to animal health and productivity. The aim of this work was to analyse the levels of Fusarium mycotoxin contamination in samples of total mixed rations (TMRs) for dairy cows. To accomplish this analysis, an HPLC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxin method was developed and validated. The relation between the formulation of TMR samples and the presence of mycotoxins was also studied. From February 2016 to January 2018, a total of 193 TMR samples for dairy cows collected from farms located in different areas of Spain were analysed for the presence of FBs, ZEN, DON and their metabolites. In total, 112 samples (58%) were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin, and 38 samples (20%) presented more than one mycotoxin. FBs were the mycotoxins most frequently found (34% positive samples). DON was detected in 17% of samples, and ZEN was detected in 16% of samples. Among the metabolites analysed, only deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3-Glc) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) were detected. The levels of all the Fusarium mycotoxins studied were always below the values recommended by the European Commission for feedstuffs. The wide variety of ingredients used in the formulation of the analysed samples made it difficult to reach definite conclusions, although it seemed that some cereal silages and concentrates such as cereals or compound feed used as ingredients of the TMR may be related to the presence of mycotoxins.

中文翻译：

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奶牛的总混合口粮中的镰刀菌真菌毒素。

镰刀菌属某些真菌物种产生的霉菌毒素经常作为谷物和饲料中的污染物被发现。伏马毒素（FBs），脱氧雪腐烯醇（DON）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）与动物健康和生产力有关。这项工作的目的是分析镰刀菌的水平奶牛总混合定量（TMR）样品中的霉菌毒素污染。为了完成此分析，开发并验证了HPLC-MS / MS多真菌毒素方法。还研究了TMR样品的配方与霉菌毒素的存在之间的关系。从2016年2月到2018年1月，对从西班牙不同地区的农场收集的193头奶牛的TMR样品进行了分析，以了解FB，ZEN，DON及其代谢产物的存在。总共有112个样本（58％）被至少一种霉菌毒素污染，而38个样本（20％）含有一种以上霉菌毒素。FB是最常见的霉菌毒素（34％阳性样品）。在17％的样品中检测到DON，在16％的样品中检测到ZEN。在分析的代谢产物中，仅检测到脱氧雪茄烯醇-3-葡萄糖苷（DON-3-Glc）和15-乙酰基脱氧雪茄烯醇（15-ADON）。所有的水平研究的镰刀菌霉菌毒素始终低于欧洲委员会为饲料推荐的值。尽管似乎有些谷物青贮饲料和浓缩物（如谷物或用作TMR成分的复合饲料）可能与霉菌毒素的存在有关，但用于分析样品配方的成分多种多样，很难得出明确的结论。 。