The stereotyped features of brain structure, such as the distribution, morphology and connectivity of neuronal cell types across brain areas, are those most likely to explain the remarkable capacity of the brain to process information and govern behaviors. Recent advances in anatomical methods, including the simple but versatile isotropic fractionator and several whole-brain labeling, clearing and microscopy methods, have opened the door to an exciting new era in comparative brain anatomy, one that has the potential to transform our understanding of the brain structure-function relationship by representing the evolution of brain complexity in quantitative anatomical features shared across species and species-specific or clade-specific. Here we discuss these methods and their application to mapping brain cell count and cell type distributions-two particularly powerful neural correlates of vertebrate cognitive and behavioral capabilities.

中文翻译：

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从定型细胞计数和细胞类型分布中捕获的大脑结构的演变。


大脑结构的刻板特征，例如大脑区域中神经元细胞类型的分布、形态和连接性，最有可能解释大脑处理信息和控制行为的非凡能力。解剖学方法的最新进展，包括简单但多功能的各向同性分馏器和几种全脑标记、透明化和显微镜方法，为比较脑解剖学的激动人心的新时代打开了大门，这一新时代有可能改变我们对大脑的理解。通过在跨物种和物种特定或分支特定的共享的定量解剖特征中表示大脑复杂性的进化来描述大脑结构-功能关系。在这里，我们讨论这些方法及其在绘制脑细胞计数和细胞类型分布图方面的应用——脊椎动物认知和行为能力的两个特别强大的神经相关因素。