The aim of this work was to know the frequency and geographical distribution of genotypes and mating types of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes isolated from human infections in Argentina during the period from April 2009 to April 2011. A multicenter study was conducted, in which 372 isolates were obtained from 61 laboratories throughout the country. Of those, 98.8% of the isolates belonged to the C. neoformans species complex and 1.1% to the C. gattii species complex. Genotype VNI (MATα) was the most frequently isolated (n = 326, 87.6%), followed by VNII (MATα) (n = 22, 5.9%), the recently described VNII-VNIV (aADα) hybrid (n = 14, 3.8%), VNIV (MATα) (n = 4, 1.1%), VNIII (αADa) hybrid (n = 1, 0.3%), and VNIII (αADα) hybrid (n = 1, 0.3%). The Argentine Central region showed the greatest number of cases and genotype diversity. Interestingly, a relative high frequency was observed in genotype VNII (MATα) in the Cuyo, Northeast and Northwest regions and, also in VNII-VNIV (aADα) hybrids in the Northwest region. C. gattii species complex was isolated at a low rate; 3 VGI (MATα) and 1 VGII (MATα) isolates were obtained from the Northwest and Central regions. In conclusion, this study shows that genotype frequencies seem to vary among regions in Argentina and reveals a relatively high frequency of rare hybrids in the Northwest region. Further regional clinical and environmental studies may help to elucidate if those variations in frequencies are associated with the existence of regional ecological niches or any other regional factors.

这项工作的目的是了解2009 年 4 月至 2011 年 4 月期间从阿根廷人类感染中分离出的新型隐球菌和格蒂隐球菌复合体的基因型和交配类型的频率和地理分布。进行了一项多中心研究，其中从全国 61 个实验室获得了 372 株分离株。其中，98.8% 的分离株属于C. neoformans物种复合体，1.1% 属于C. gattii物种复合体。基因型 VNI ( MAT α) 是最常分离的 (n = 326, 87.6%)，其次是 VNII ( MAT α) (n = 22, 5.9%)，最近描述的 VNII-VNIV (aADα) 杂交 (n = 14 , 3.8%), VNIV (MAT α) (n = 4, 1.1%)、VNIII (αADa) 杂种 (n = 1, 0.3%) 和 VNIII (αADα) 杂种 (n = 1, 0.3%)。阿根廷中部地区的病例数和基因型多样性最多。有趣的是，在库约、东北和西北地区的基因型 VNII ( MAT α) 以及西北地区的 VNII-VNIV (aADα) 杂种中观察到相对较高的频率。C. gattii物种复合体的分离率很低；3 VGI ( MAT α) 和 1 VGII ( MATα) 分离株来自西北和中部地区。总之，这项研究表明基因型频率似乎在阿根廷地区之间有所不同，并揭示了西北地区稀有杂种的频率相对较高。进一步的区域临床和环境研究可能有助于阐明这些频率的变化是否与区域生态位或任何其他区域因素的存在有关。