Although it still contributes to less than 2% of the worldwide electricity generation, photovoltaics (PVs) is on the way to becoming a key energy technology for a global future renewable energy infrastructure. We present projections of worldwide CO₂ emissions of the future PV industry, finding that these emissions will likely surpass those caused by the global shipping or aviation sector. As an alternative, we propose a fully printed PV reverse manufacturing concept that minimizes the carbon footprint to the ultimate lower limit of the glass substrate fabrication. This so called “in situ” approach is based on a perovskite absorber that is highly durable and encapsulated with glass solder between float glass substrates, reducing the CO₂-footprint of conventional PV modules by 1/20^th. Yielding a certified stabilized efficiency of 9.3%, this record efficiency for glass-solder-encapsulated perovskite PV paves the way for future solar cells with the lowest carbon footprints.

尽管它仅占全球发电量的不到2％，但光伏（PVs）正在成为全球未来可再生能源基础设施的关键能源技术。我们对未来光伏行业的全球CO ₂排放量进行了预测，发现这些排放量可能会超过全球航运或航空业造成的排放量。作为替代方案，我们提出了完全印刷的PV逆向制造概念，该概念可将碳足迹最小化至玻璃基板制造的最终下限。这种所谓的“原位”方法是基于钙钛矿吸收剂，该吸收剂具有很高的耐用性，并在浮法玻璃基板之间用玻璃焊料封装，从而减少了CO _2。通过1/20 -footprint常规PV模块的^第。经认证的稳定效率为9.3％，这种创纪录的玻璃焊料封装钙钛矿PV效率为未来具有最低碳足迹的太阳能电池铺平了道路。