STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and potential risk factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among Malaysian children with spina bifida. SETTING Four Malaysian tertiary hospitals. METHODS Children with spina bifida were assessed for potential demographic, disease severity and lifestyle risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Blood for 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) was taken. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D levels ≤ 37.5 nmol/L and insufficiency as 37.6-50 nmol/L. RESULTS Eighty children aged 2-18 years (42 males) participated in the study. Vitamin D levels ranged from 14 to 105 nmol/L (mean 52.8, SD 19.1). Vitamin D deficiency was identified in 18 (22.5%) and insufficiency in 26 (32.5%) children. Logistic regression analysis showed that skin exposure to sunlight ≤ 21% body surface area (OR: 6.2, CI 1.7-22.9) and duration of sun exposure ≤ 35 min/day (OR: 4.0, CI 1.2-14.1) were significant risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Over half (55%) of Malaysian children with spina bifida seen in urban tertiary hospitals have vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. Lifestyle sun exposure behaviours were risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency.

中文翻译：

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马来西亚脊柱裂儿童的维生素D缺乏和不足。

研究设计横断面研究。目的确定马来西亚脊柱裂儿童的维生素D缺乏和不足的患病率和潜在危险因素。设置四家马来西亚三级医院。方法评估脊柱裂儿童的潜在人口统计，疾病严重程度和生活方式中维生素D缺乏和不足的危险因素。抽取了25-羟基维生素D（25（OH）D）的血液。维生素D缺乏症的定义为25（OH）D含量≤37.5 nmol / L，不足之处定义为37.6-50 nmol / L。结果80名2-18岁的儿童（42名男性）参加了这项研究。维生素D的含量范围为14至105 nmol / L（平均52.8，SD 19.1）。在18名儿童（22.5％）中发现了维生素D缺乏症，在26名儿童（32.5％）中发现了维生素D缺乏症。Logistic回归分析表明，皮肤暴露于日光下≤21％体表面积（OR：6.2，CI 1.7-22.9）和日照持续时间≤35分钟/天（OR：4.0，CI 1.2-14.1）是造成皮肤癌的重要危险因素。维生素D缺乏和不足。结论在城市三级医院看过的马来西亚脊柱裂儿童中有超过一半（55％）患有维生素D不足和缺乏。生活方式暴露在阳光下的行为是维生素D缺乏和不足的危险因素。