Reconfigurable nanophotonic silicon probes for sub-millisecond deep-brain optical stimulation.,Nature Biomedical Engineering

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Reconfigurable nanophotonic silicon probes for sub-millisecond deep-brain optical stimulation.
Nature Biomedical Engineering ( IF 26.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 , DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-0516-y
Aseema Mohanty _{1,

2} , Qian Li _{3,

4} , Mohammad Amin Tadayon ₁ , Samantha P Roberts ₁ , Gaurang R Bhatt ₁ , Euijae Shim ₁ , Xingchen Ji _{1,

2} , Jaime Cardenas _{1,

5} , Steven A Miller ₁ , Adam Kepecs _{3,

4,

6} , Michal Lipson ₁

Affiliation

The use of nanophotonics to rapidly and precisely reconfigure light beams for the optical stimulation of neurons in vivo has remained elusive. Here we report the design and fabrication of an implantable silicon-based probe that can switch and route multiple optical beams to stimulate identified sets of neurons across cortical layers and simultaneously record the produced spike patterns. Each switch in the device consists of a silicon nitride waveguide structure that can be rapidly (<20 μs) reconfigured by electrically tuning the phase of light. By using an eight-beam probe, we show in anaesthetized mice that small groups of single neurons can be independently stimulated to produce multineuron spike patterns at sub-millisecond precision. We also show that a probe integrating co-fabricated electrical recording sites can simultaneously optically stimulate and electrically measure deep-brain neural activity. The technology is scalable, and it allows for beam focusing and steering and for structured illumination via beam shaping. The high-bandwidth optical-stimulation capacity of the device might facilitate the probing of the spatiotemporal neural codes underlying behaviour.

中文翻译：

可重配置的纳米光子硅探针可用于亚毫秒级的深脑光学刺激。

纳米光子学用于快速和精确地重新配置光束以在体内对神经元进行光刺激的用途仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们报告了可植入硅基探针的设计和制造，该探针可以切换和路由多个光束，以刺激经过皮层识别的神经元集，并同时记录产生的尖峰模式。器件中的每个开关都包含一个氮化硅波导结构，该结构可以通过电调谐光的相位而快速地重新配置（<20μs）。通过使用八束探针，我们在麻醉的小鼠中显示，可以以亚毫秒级的精度独立刺激小组单个神经元，以产生多神经元尖峰模式。我们还表明，集成了共同制造的电记录位点的探针可以同时光学刺激和电测量深脑神经活动。该技术具有可扩展性，可以进行光束聚焦和转向，并通过光束整形进行结构化照明。该设备的高带宽光刺激能力可能有助于探测行为背后的时空神经代码。

更新日期：2020-02-12

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