The Manuguru geothermal area, located in the Khammam district of Telangana state, India, is one of the least explored medium-enthalpy geothermal systems in India. In this study, subsurface reservoir temperature was estimated by applying various methodologies such as chemical geothermometry, multicomponent geothermometry and mixing models. Chemical geothermometers provided wide range in temperature estimation, and most of them (Na–K, Na–K–Ca, Mg-corrected Na–K–Ca) were found to be unsuitable for predicting reservoir temperature due to the absence of attainment of equilibrium between suitable mineral pairs. The temperature range estimated from the quartz geothermometers varied from 72 to 120 °C which matched closely with values obtained from K–Mg geothermometers. To overcome this problem and to better constrain the reservoir temperature, multicomponent solute geothermometry modelling was carried out by applying the GeoT computer code. Fluid reconstruction was done after taking into account both the degassing and mixing phenomena. GeoT modelling of the reconstructed fluid provided excellent clustering of the minerals. From the GeoT modelling study, it was found that minerals like quartz, chalcedony, calcite, etc., attained simultaneous equilibrium with thermal waters in the temperature range of 130 ± 10 °C, which can be taken as the most probable reservoir temperature. The subsurface temperature (137 °C) obtained from the mixing model further validated the results obtained from multicomponent geothermometry. This integrated multicomponent method and the simulation program used in this study take into account various processes (i.e. mixing, degassing, non-attainment of equilibrium, etc.) which affect the composition of the thermal fluids during its ascent to the surface. The statistical approach of ‘best clustering minerals’ used in this model helps to overcome the problems encountered in applying cation or single-component geothermometers in the medium-enthalpy geothermal systems.

中文翻译：

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多分量对古典地热法：两个地热仪在印度中焓地热系统中的适用性

位于印度Telangana州Khammam区的Manuguru地热区是印度开发最少的中焓地热系统之一。在这项研究中，地下储层温度是通过应用各种方法来估算的，例如化学地热法，多组分地热法和混合模型。化学地热仪提供了广泛的温度估算范围，并且由于缺乏平衡，其中大多数（Na–K，Na–K–Ca，经Mg校正的Na–K–Ca）不适用于预测储层温度。在合适的矿物对之间。石英地热仪估算的温度范围在72至120°C之间变化，与从K–Mg地热仪获得的值非常接近。为了克服这个问题并更好地限制储层温度，多组分溶质地热计量学建模是通过应用GeoT计算机代码进行的。在考虑了脱气和混合现象后进行了流体重建。重建流体的GeoT建模提供了出色的矿物聚集性。从GeoT建模研究中发现，石英，玉髓，方解石等矿物与温度在130±10°C的热水同时达到平衡，可以认为这是最可能的储层温度。从混合模型获得的地下温度（137°C）进一步验证了从多组分地热法获得的结果。本研究中使用的这种集成的多组分方法和模拟程序考虑了各种过程（例如，混合，脱气，未达到平衡，等）影响热流体上升到表面的过程。该模型中使用的“最佳聚集矿物”的统计方法有助于克服在中焓地热系统中应用阳离子或单组分地热仪时遇到的问题。