The present study evaluated the lethal toxicity and oviposition deterrence of ethanolic extracts of Annona mucosa Jacq., Annona muricata L., and Annona sylvatica A. St.-Hil on Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) compared with those of a limonoid-based bioinsecticide (Azamax™ 1.2 EC—azadiractin +3-tigloyl-azadiractol) and a synthetic spinosyn-based insecticide (Delegate™ 250 WG—spinetoram). In addition, the efficacy of the selected toxic bait formulations was evaluated by mixing them with food attractants (Anamed™, 3% Biofruit and 7% sugarcane molasses). In the topical application and ingestion bioassays (2000 mg L⁻¹), the aqueous emulsion of the A. mucosa extract caused greater than 80% mortality of A. fraterculus adults in a similar manner to the spinosyn-based synthetic insecticide. Concentration-response curves were performed for the most promising treatments and showed an activity level dependent on the mode of contamination, exposure time, and applied concentration. In bioassays with and without choice, the A. mucosa (77%), A. muricata (51%), A. sylvatica (60%), Azamax™ (74%), and Delegate™ 250 WG (100%) significantly reduced the number of punctures and galleries in grape berries. In combination with the food attractants Anamed™, 3% Biofruit, and 7% sugarcane molasses, the emulsion of the A. mucosa extract had a residual effect similar to that of the spinetoram insecticide, with a mortality rate of over 80% of A. fraterculus adults up to 14 days after application (DAA) in the absence of rain. Thus, acetogenin-rich formulations, especially from A. mucosa seeds, are useful alternatives for the integrated management of A. fraterculus in agricultural orchards.

中文翻译：

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黄et虫上基于乙et生成素的生物杀虫剂：杀虫性毒饵的毒性和潜在用途

本研究评估的乙醇提取物的致死毒性和产卵威慑番荔枝黏膜黄灯笼，。刺果番荔枝L.，和番荔枝sylvatica A.圣-HIL上按实蝇fraterculus（威德曼）（双翅目：实蝇科）与柠檬苦素类的相比的生物杀虫剂（Azamax™1.2 EC-叠氮菌素+ 3-tigloyl-azadiractol）和合成的多杀菌素基的杀虫剂（Delegate™250 WG-刺五郎）。此外，通过将所选的毒饵配​​方与食品诱剂（Anamed™，3％Biofruit和7％甘蔗糖蜜）混合来评估其功效。在局部应用和摄入生物测定法（2000 mg L ^-1）中，粘膜曲霉的水乳剂提取物与基于刺糖多孢菌素的合成杀虫剂相似，导致苦果曲霉成虫死亡的80％以上。对最有前途的治疗方法进行了浓度-反应曲线，并显示出其活性水平取决于污染方式，暴露时间和所施加的浓度。在有和没有选择，生物测定法A.黏膜（77％），A.柃（51％），A. sylvatica（60％），Azamax™（74％），和代表™250 WG（100％）显著降低葡萄浆果中的刺孔和通道数。与食品引诱Anamed™，3％Biofruit，和7个％甘蔗糖蜜，所述的乳剂组合A.粘膜提取物具有类似于乙基多杀菌素杀虫剂的残留效果，与死亡率超过80％A. fraterculus在无雨成年人长达14天之后应用（DAA）。因此，富含乙酸原素的制剂，特别是来自粘膜曲霉种子的，是在农业果园中综合管理黄曲霉的有用替代品。