The intricacy of the brain, along with the existence of blood brain barrier (BBB) does complicate the delivery of effective therapeutics through simple intravascular injection. Hence, an effective delivery mechanism of therapeutics in the event of either traumatic brain injury (TBI) or other brain injuries is needed. Stem cells can promote regeneration and repair injury. The usage of biomaterials and exosomes in transporting stem cells to target lesion sites has been suggested as a potential option. The combination of biomaterials with modified exosomes can help in transporting stem cells to injury sites, whiles also increasing their survival and promoting effective treatment. Herein, we review the current researches pertinent to biological scaffolds and exosomes in repairing TBI and present the current progress and new direction in the clinical setting. We begin with the role of bioscaffold in treating neuronal conditions, the effect of exosomes in injury, and conclude with the improvement of TBI via the employment of combined exosomes, bioscaffold and stem cells.

中文翻译：

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生物支架与干细胞和外泌体的组合可以改善颅脑外伤。

大脑的复杂性，以及血脑屏障（BBB）的存在，确实使通过简单的血管内注射实现有效治疗的复杂化。因此，在外伤性脑损伤（TBI）或其他脑损伤的情况下，需要有效的治疗剂递送机制。干细胞可以促进再生和修复损伤。已经提出了将生物材料和外泌体用于将干细胞运输至靶病变部位的潜在选择。生物材料与修饰的外泌体的组合可以帮助将干细胞转运至损伤部位，同时还可以提高其存活率并促进有效治疗。在这里 我们回顾了有关修复TBI的生物支架和外泌体的最新研究，并提出了当前的进展和临床设置的新方向。我们从生物支架在治疗神经元疾病中的作用，外泌体在损伤中的作用开始，最后通过结合外泌体，生物支架和干细胞的使用来改善TBI。