Efficient synthesis of 2-oxazolines by the reaction of nitriles with β-aminoalcohols using InCl₃ as catalyst under reflux conditions is reported. This catalyst can be successfully applied to the chemoselective conversion of dicyanobenzenes to their corresponding mono- and bis-oxazolines. The application of ultrasonic and microwave irradiation improved the yields and reduced the reaction times. Another advantage of this catalytic system is its ability to carry out large-scale reactions under ultrasonic and MW irradiations. Alkylnitriles such as acetonitrile was also converted to its corresponding 2-methyloxazoline in the presence of catalytic amounts of InCl₃.

中文翻译：

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InCl 3作为在热，超声和微波辐射下合成恶唑啉的有效催化剂

据报道，在回流条件下，使用InCl ₃作为催化剂，通过腈与β-氨基醇的反应有效合成了2-恶唑啉。该催化剂可成功地用于二氰基苯向其相应的单-和双-恶唑啉的化学选择性转化。超声波和微波辐射的应用提高了产率并缩短了反应时间。该催化体系的另一个优点是它能够在超声波和微波辐射下进行大规模反应。在催化量的InCl ₃存在下，烷基腈（如乙腈）也被转化为其相应的2-甲基恶唑啉。