The aim of this study was to assess potential harmful lethal and sublethal effects of commercial plant protection product containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST 713 (formerly subtilis) spores on winter adult honeybees according to OECD 245 (2017). Caged winter honeybees fed 10 days with a sucrose solution (50% w/w) ad libitum spiked with a maximum application field rate of 1/1 and its 1/10 showed no dose-dependent mortality under laboratory conditions; the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) appears to be higher than or equal 4 × 107 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml diet, resp. 4 × 1010 CFU/l diet. Although the results of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis showed no significant changes in the composition of gut bacterial community between untreated control and experimental groups after 10 days of chronic exposure, the expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides was decreased in one/both treated groups in comparison with untreated control group; significantly lower results of expression were detected in genes for Apidaecin, Defensin-1, and Hymenoptaecin. Despite no direct lethal effect of commercial plant protection product containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, QST 713 was observed in adult bees following chronic exposure; the decrease in some immunity parameters observed in tested winter bees may potentially impair bee colony health and survival.

中文翻译：

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含有解淀粉芽孢杆菌 QST 713（以前称为枯草芽孢杆菌）的商业植物保护产品对冬季成年蜜蜂的亚致死作用

本研究的目的是根据 OECD 245（2017）评估含有解淀粉芽孢杆菌 QST 713（以前称为枯草芽孢杆菌）孢子的商业植物保护产品对冬季成年蜜蜂的潜在有害致死和亚致死影响。用最大施用率为 1/1 和 1/10 的蔗糖溶液（50% w/w）随意饲喂 10 天的笼养冬蜂在实验室条件下没有表现出剂量依赖性死亡率；无观察到效应浓度 (NOEC) 似乎高于或等于 4 × 107 菌落形成单位 (CFU)/ml 饮食，分别为。4 × 1010 CFU/l 饮食。尽管变性梯度凝胶电泳 (DGGE) 分析的结果表明，在长期暴露 10 天后，未经处理的对照组和实验组之间的肠道细菌群落组成没有显着变化，与未处理的对照组相比，在一个/两个处理组中编码抗微生物肽的基因的表达降低；在 Apidaecin、Defensin-1 和 Hymenoptaecin 的基因中检测到显着较低的表达结果。尽管含有解淀粉芽孢杆菌的商业植物保护产品没有直接致死作用，但在长期接触后在成年蜜蜂中观察到 QST 713；在测试的冬蜂中观察到的某些免疫参数下降可能会损害蜂群的健康和生存。尽管含有解淀粉芽孢杆菌的商业植物保护产品没有直接致死作用，但在长期接触后在成年蜜蜂中观察到 QST 713；在测试的冬蜂中观察到的某些免疫参数下降可能会损害蜂群的健康和生存。尽管含有解淀粉芽孢杆菌的商业植物保护产品没有直接致死作用，但在长期接触后在成年蜜蜂中观察到 QST 713；在测试的冬蜂中观察到的某些免疫参数下降可能会损害蜂群的健康和生存。