Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is necessary to mitigate global warming caused by anthropogenic \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) emissions in the atmosphere. However, due to very high storage cost, it is difficult to sustain the CCS industry. The hot sedimentary and dry rock reservoirs with very high temperature can support both geothermal energy production, and carbon geosequestration economically, provided the \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) is used as a heat-carrying fluid with proper optimization of injection parameters according to reservoir conditions. In this paper we have reviewed past studies discussing the working mechanisms, pressure management strategies and various advantages of energy extraction from hydrothermal reservoirs by \(\hbox {CO}_2\) plume geothermal technology and hot dry rock— enhanced geothermal system (EGS) technology. Past studies highlighted that due to very high thermal expansivity and mobility, supercritical \(\hbox {CO}_2\) can produce more heat than water-EGS. For low enthalpy (around 50 \(^\circ\)C) and shallow (0.5–1.5 km) reservoirs, \(\hbox {CO}_2\) can fetch more heat than water because of higher heat capacity. Other advantages of CCS and EGS are (i) the production of brine or \(\hbox {CO}_2\) assisting to manage the reservoir pressure and restrict the fluid interference with neighboring reservoirs, (ii) the fluid loss, which is a significant concern in a water-EGS but for \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\)-EGS it is environmentally friendly, and (iii) higher pressure and cold fluid injection induced geological deformation and microseismicity are relatively less for \(\hbox {CO}_2\)-EGS than water-EGS. In this paper, we have also discussed various challenges of \(\hbox {CO}_2\)-EGS to enable CCS in hydrothermal reservoir and hot dry rock system.

中文翻译：

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$$ \ hbox {CO} _ {2} $$ CO2基于潜力的地热能，可从热沉积和干岩储层中提取，并能实现碳固存

碳捕集与封存（CCS）对于缓解由人为大气（\ hbox {CO} _ {2} \）排放引起的全球变暖是必要的。但是，由于很高的存储成本，很难维持CCS行业。只要将\（\ hbox {CO} _ {2} \）用作载热流体，并对其进行适当的优化，温度很高的热沉积和干岩储层可以同时支持地热能生产和经济的碳固存。根据油藏条件注入参数。在本文中，我们回顾了过去的研究，讨论了通过\（\ hbox {CO} _2 \）从热液储层中提取能量的工作机理，压力管理策略和各种优势。羽状地热技术和干热岩—增强地热系统（EGS）技术。过去的研究强调，由于非常高的热膨胀性和迁移率，超临界\（\ hbox {CO} _2 \）可以比水-EGS产生更多的热量。对于低焓（约50 \（^ \ CIRC \） C）和浅（0.5-1.5公里）水库，\（\ hbox中{CO} _2 \）可以由于更高的热容量取比水更多的热量。CCS和EGS的其他优点是（i）盐水或\（\ hbox {CO} _2 \）的生产，有助于管理储层压力并限制流体对相邻储层的干扰，（ii）流体损失，这是一种在水电EGS中非常重要，但对于\（\ hbox {CO} _ {2} \）-EGS是环境友好的，并且（iii）\（\ hbox {CO} _2 \） -EGS的压力和冷流体注入引起的地质变形和微震性比水-EGS相对要小。在本文中，我们还讨论了\（\ hbox {CO} _2 \）- EGS在热液储层和热干岩系统中启用CCS的各种挑战。