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Potential of \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) based geothermal energy extraction from hot sedimentary and dry rock reservoirs, and enabling carbon geo-sequestration

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Abstract

Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is necessary to mitigate global warming caused by anthropogenic \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) emissions in the atmosphere. However, due to very high storage cost, it is difficult to sustain the CCS industry. The hot sedimentary and dry rock reservoirs with very high temperature can support both geothermal energy production, and carbon geosequestration economically, provided the \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) is used as a heat-carrying fluid with proper optimization of injection parameters according to reservoir conditions. In this paper we have reviewed past studies discussing the working mechanisms, pressure management strategies and various advantages of energy extraction from hydrothermal reservoirs by \(\hbox {CO}_2\) plume geothermal technology and hot dry rock— enhanced geothermal system (EGS) technology. Past studies highlighted that due to very high thermal expansivity and mobility, supercritical \(\hbox {CO}_2\) can produce more heat than water-EGS. For low enthalpy (around 50 \(^\circ\)C) and shallow (0.5–1.5 km) reservoirs, \(\hbox {CO}_2\) can fetch more heat than water because of higher heat capacity. Other advantages of CCS and EGS are (i) the production of brine or \(\hbox {CO}_2\) assisting to manage the reservoir pressure and restrict the fluid interference with neighboring reservoirs, (ii) the fluid loss, which is a significant concern in a water-EGS but for \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\)-EGS it is environmentally friendly, and (iii) higher pressure and cold fluid injection induced geological deformation and microseismicity are relatively less for \(\hbox {CO}_2\)-EGS than water-EGS. In this paper, we have also discussed various challenges of \(\hbox {CO}_2\)-EGS to enable CCS in hydrothermal reservoir and hot dry rock system.

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Acknowledgements

This work is part of Ph.D. by Mrityunjay Singh at IIT Madras, funded by MHRD, Government of India. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions which helped authors in improving the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India

    Mrityunjay Singh & Abhijit Chaudhuri

  2. Department of Applied Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, India

    Sri Kalyan Tangirala

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Singh, M., Tangirala, S.K. & Chaudhuri, A. Potential of \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) based geothermal energy extraction from hot sedimentary and dry rock reservoirs, and enabling carbon geo-sequestration. Geomech. Geophys. Geo-energ. Geo-resour. 6, 16 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-019-00139-8

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