Located in the Romanian Banat region, the Late Bronze Age (LBA) fortification Corneşti-Iarcuri is the largest known prehistoric settlement in Europe. Archaeobotanical and geoarchaeological investigations have targeted the reconstruction of vegetation, land use practices and subsistence strategies at the site, together with related human impact and environmental changes in the wider study area. Since colluvia constitute valuable archives in terms of landscape history and anthropogenic disturbance, one major focus was put on floodplain profiles. In the valleys, two generations of colluvium prevailed which were separated by fossil topsoils. Based on several radiocarbon datings, a chronology of events, including distinct phases of geomorphological activity and stability, has been established. Some of the buried palaeosurfaces contained pollen in sufficient concentrations to confirm off-site data from the Vinga area, where the regional vegetation during the Middle Copper Age consisted of Tilia-dominated woodlands with steppe elements. Following a major Late Copper Age deforestation phase that also led to considerable soil erosion, the gradual formation of a cultural landscape is documented by a progressive decline in tree cover in which Quercus gained relative importance, and a continuous presence of land use indicators. Plant macro-remains from archaeological excavations underpin both the openness of the semi-natural woodlands during the pre-fortification era and the increase of animal husbandry and farming in the LBA. Despite evident settlement pressure, it proved to be a geomorphologically stable phase. Towards the Early Iron Age, the values of anthropogenic markers in on-site pollen spectra rose to values comparable to those in surface samples.

中文翻译：

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罗马尼亚西南部Corneşti-Iarcuri的青铜时代设防掩埋的表层土壤和冲积层的古生态证据：孢粉学，沉积学，年代地层学和植物大化石分析的结果

位于罗马尼亚巴纳特地区的青铜时代晚期（LBA）防御工事Corneşti-Iarcuri是欧洲最大的已知史前殖民地。考古植物学和地球考古学的研究针对该地区的植被重建，土地使用实践和生存策略，以及在更广泛研究区域中相关的人类影响和环境变化。由于colluvia在景观历史和人为干扰方面构成了宝贵的档案，因此，洪泛区剖面的主要重点之一。在山谷中，盛行了两代由化石表土隔开的砂砾层。基于几个放射性碳测年，已经建立了一个事件的年代，包括地貌活动和稳定性的不同阶段。ilia树属林地，草原元素。在严重的铜时代晚期森林砍伐阶段也导致了严重的水土流失之后，文化景观的逐渐形成表现为树木覆盖率的逐步下降，其中栎属变得相对重要，并且土地使用指标持续存在。考古发掘中留下的大量植物残骸既是强化前时期半自然林地的开放性，又是LBA畜牧业和农业增长的基础。尽管沉降压力明显，但事实证明它是一个地貌稳定的阶段。到铁器时代初期，现场花粉光谱中的人为标记物的值上升到与地表样品中可比的值。