In this work, TiO₂ nanostructures (TiO₂-NSs) were obtained at low temperature, using the sol–gel method, and their toxicity was evaluated in Swiss albino mice. For the synthesis, ethanol solvent was used and the concentration of the surfactant, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), was modified to determine its effect on the characteristics of the final product. Characterization of the synthesized TiO₂-NSs was carried out using IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The solids obtained, without heat treatment, showed an amorphous structure. When these were treated at 450 °C, they crystallized in an anatase type phase, independent of CTAB concentration, with a crystallite size of 3–5 nm. The particles showed a spheroidal or needle-like shape, with a nanometric size (100 nm), and formed spheroidal agglomerates (between 1 and 5 μm) or mesoporous structures, for the 6 mm concentration of CTAB. Additionally, the toxicity of the NSs synthesized was determined, using 3 mm CTAB and treated at 450 °C, giving doses of 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg of TiO₂-NSs to mice prepared for this test. The results of the analysis of the liver biopsies of the animals, on which euthanasia was practiced, showed that the best effect was the 300 mg/kg dose, where alterations in the mitochondria were observed, with distortion in their normal structure (fragmentation) and strong involvement of its outer membrane.

中文翻译：

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TiO 2纳米结构（TiO 2 -NSs）：在瑞士白化病小鼠中的合成，表征和毒性评估

在这项工作中，使用溶胶-凝胶法在低温下获得了TiO ₂纳米结构（TiO ₂ -NSs），并在瑞士的白化病小鼠中评估了它们的毒性。为了进行合成，使用了乙醇溶剂，并修改了表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）的浓度，以确定其对最终产品特性的影响。合成TiO _2的表征-NS使用IR光谱，X射线衍射（XRD），透射（TEM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行。所获得的固体，未经热处理，显示出无定形结构。当它们在450°C下处理时，它们以锐钛矿型晶相结晶，而与CTAB浓度无关，微晶尺寸为3-5 nm。对于浓度为6 mm的CTAB，颗粒显示为球形或针状形状，具有纳米尺寸（100 nm），并形成了球状附聚物（介于1和5μm之间）或中孔结构。另外，使用3 mm CTAB测定合成的NS的毒性，并在450°C下处理，得到5 mg / kg，50 mg / kg，300 mg / kg的TiO ₂剂量-NSs小鼠准备为此测试。对进行安乐死的动物进行肝活检的分析结果表明，最佳效果是300 mg / kg剂量，观察到线粒体发生变化，其正常结构发生了变形（碎片），其外膜的强烈参与。