The reproductive systems of invasive species play a key role in determining their geographical distributions. Oxalis pes-caprae is a clonal, polyploid, heterostylous, plant native to South Africa, but now invasive in all major Mediterranean climatic regions. Here, we extend earlier surveys in the Western Mediterranean basin of floral morph ratios, reproductive traits and ploidy level to include populations from South Africa and introduced regions of Australia, California and Chile. We sampled a total of 104 populations, 33 in South Africa, 29 in Australia, 27 in California and 15 in Chile and collected data on floral morph representation (trimorphic, dimorphic, monomorphic), flower size, fruit set, and ploidy level using flow cytometry. There were significant differences among regions in floral morph structure of populations, reproductive traits and ploidy level. Populations in South Africa were exclusively tristylous and largely tetraploid (4x); Australian populations were mostly pentaploid (5x, 65.5%), comprised exclusively of the short-styled morph, with the remaining populations either dimorphic or trimorphic. Populations in California and Chile were comprised exclusively of the 5x short-styled morph. Fruit set varied dramatically among populations with no fruit produced in 5x populations. Our study demonstrates striking geographical variation among regions in reproductive systems ranging from a mixture of sexual and clonal reproduction in the native range to exclusively clonal propagation in some introduced regions. This variation is likely to have important consequences for local adaptation and should be considered in future management decisions of invasive populations.

入侵物种的生殖系统在确定其地理分布方面起着关键作用。酢浆草PES - caprae是一种无性的，多倍体的，异型的植物，原产于南非，但现在已侵入所有主要的地中海气候地区。在这里，我们扩展了西地中海盆地早期花卉形态比，生殖性状和倍性水平的调查，以涵盖南非以及澳大利亚，加利福尼亚和智利等引进地区的种群。我们对总共104个种群进行了采样，其中南非33个，澳大利亚29个，加利福尼亚27个，智利15个，并使用流量收集了有关花形态表示（三态，双态，单态），花大小，坐果和倍性水平的数据细胞计数。种群的花形结构，生殖性状和倍性水平之间在区域之间存在显着差异。南非的人口完全是三脚类，大部分为四倍体（4 x）; 澳大利亚人口大多数为五倍体（5 x， 65.5％），仅由短型变体组成，其余人口为双态或三态。加利福尼亚和智利的人口完全由5个短样式变体组成。不同种群之间的坐果差异很大，没有5倍种群的结果。我们的研究表明，生殖系统各地区之间的地理差异惊人，范围从自然范围内的有性繁殖和无性繁殖混合到某些引入地区的无性繁殖。这种变化可能会对局部适应产生重要影响，因此应在入侵人群的未来管理决策中予以考虑。