The use of feed additives in aquatic animals improves health conditions and well-being under pesticide toxicity. Thus, this study was aimed at evaluating the effect of an immunobiotic mixture (IM) on the growth performance, hemato-biochemistry, and immunity of Nile tilapia exposed to subacute deltamethrin (DMT). Fish were distributed into four groups: groups 1 and 2 were fed a control diet, while groups 3 and 4 were fed IM. Groups 2 and 4 were exposed to DMT (15 μg/L) in rearing water. The results revealed that DMT-exposed fish exhibited significantly lower final body weights, weight gain, specific growth rate, and survival rate (P < 0.05), while IM feeding resulted in improved growth performance and survival rate in fish with or without DMT toxicity. After 15 and 30 days, DMT-treated fish showed a significant increase in blood urea and bilirubin as well as hepatic enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) (P < 0.05), while supplementation of the IM mixture significantly lowered these levels in Nile tilapia. Blood total protein, globulin, albumin, white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, phagocytic index, and phagocytic and lysozyme activities were significantly decreased in tilapia subjected to DMT (P < 0.05), while supplementation of the IM mixture significantly increased these levels. Fish fed IM without DMT exposure showed the lowest cortisol and glucose levels, while fish exposed to DMT without IM showed the highest levels (P < 0.05) after 15 and 30 days. To conclude, IM supplementation exhibited defensive effects against DMT toxicity in Nile tilapia by improving growth performance, hematology, blood biochemistry, and immunity.

中文翻译：

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暴露于溴氰菊酯和饲喂免疫生物的尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）的生长性能和血液免疫应答。

在水生动物中使用饲料添加剂可改善健康状况和农药毒性下的健康状况。因此，本研究旨在评估免疫生物混合物（IM）对暴露于亚急性溴氰菊酯（DMT）的尼罗罗非鱼的生长性能，血液生物化学和免疫力的影响。将鱼分为四组：第1组和第2组饲喂对照饮食，而第3组和第4组饲喂IM。第2组和第4组在饲养水中暴露于DMT（15μg/ L）。结果表明，暴露于DMT的鱼的最终体重，体重增加，比生长率和成活率均显着降低（P <0.05），而IM饲喂可改善有无DMT毒性的鱼的生长性能和成活率。15和30天后，用DMT处理的鱼显示血尿素和胆红素以及肝酶（碱性磷酸酶，天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶）显着增加（P <0.05），而补充IM混合物则显着降低了尼罗罗非鱼中的这些水平。在接受DMT的罗非鱼中，血液总蛋白，球蛋白，白蛋白，白细胞，红细胞，血红蛋白，吞噬指数以及吞噬和溶菌酶活性显着降低（P <0.05），而补充IM混合物则显着提高了这些水平。饲喂没有IMT的IM的鱼显示出最低的皮质醇和葡萄糖水平，而暴露于无IMT的DMT的鱼在15和30天后显示出最高水平（P <0.05）。最后，