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Growth performance and hemato-immunological responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to deltamethrin and fed immunobiotics

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Abstract

The use of feed additives in aquatic animals improves health conditions and well-being under pesticide toxicity. Thus, this study was aimed at evaluating the effect of an immunobiotic mixture (IM) on the growth performance, hemato-biochemistry, and immunity of Nile tilapia exposed to subacute deltamethrin (DMT). Fish were distributed into four groups: groups 1 and 2 were fed a control diet, while groups 3 and 4 were fed IM. Groups 2 and 4 were exposed to DMT (15 μg/L) in rearing water. The results revealed that DMT-exposed fish exhibited significantly lower final body weights, weight gain, specific growth rate, and survival rate (P < 0.05), while IM feeding resulted in improved growth performance and survival rate in fish with or without DMT toxicity. After 15 and 30 days, DMT-treated fish showed a significant increase in blood urea and bilirubin as well as hepatic enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) (P < 0.05), while supplementation of the IM mixture significantly lowered these levels in Nile tilapia. Blood total protein, globulin, albumin, white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, phagocytic index, and phagocytic and lysozyme activities were significantly decreased in tilapia subjected to DMT (P < 0.05), while supplementation of the IM mixture significantly increased these levels. Fish fed IM without DMT exposure showed the lowest cortisol and glucose levels, while fish exposed to DMT without IM showed the highest levels (P < 0.05) after 15 and 30 days. To conclude, IM supplementation exhibited defensive effects against DMT toxicity in Nile tilapia by improving growth performance, hematology, blood biochemistry, and immunity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt

    Mahmoud A.O. Dawood

  2. Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, A.R.C., Giza, Egypt

    Marwa F. AbdEl-kader

  3. Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt

    Eman M. Moustafa

  4. Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt

    Mahmoud S. Gewaily

  5. Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt

    Safaa E. Abdo

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  1. Mahmoud A.O. Dawood
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Correspondence to Mahmoud A.O. Dawood.

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All of the methods, animal care, and experimental protocols used in the present study followed the relevant guidelines and regulations of Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.

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Dawood, M.A., AbdEl-kader, M.F., Moustafa, E.M. et al. Growth performance and hemato-immunological responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to deltamethrin and fed immunobiotics. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 11608–11617 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07775-8

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