One type of failure of reinforced concrete seismic walls is out-of-plane buckling. This type of failure appears at the compressive cycle of loading during the cyclic seismic loading. This work is mainly experimental and tries to investigate the influence of the mechanical factor of tensile deformation on the behavior of seismic walls and particularly on the phenomenon of lateral buckling. Five test specimens are constructed simulating the confined boundary regions of structural walls. They are reinforced using the maximum longitudinal reinforcement ratio (4.02%) prescribed by modern seismic and concrete codes for boundary ends. Apart from the investigation of the factor of elongation degree, this method tries to examine if the detailing of walls using maximum allowable reinforced ratio for longitudinal reinforcement inhibits the appearance of transverse buckling. Each prism specimen was strained under different tensile deformation. Degrees of elongation used were equal to 0‰, 10‰, 20‰, 30‰ and 50‰. After the first tensile cycle of loading, a second compression loading cycle was applied on each specimen, till their failure. Thus, nine experiments were carried out in total-two for each specimen apart from the first specimen which suffered zero elongation. Empirical equations are derived trying to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity and the normalized axial deformation at failure for the different tensile degrees.

中文翻译：

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用最大规范规定的纵向配筋率细化 R/C 结构墙边界边缘的面外响应评估

钢筋混凝土抗震墙的一种失效类型是平面外屈曲。这种类型的破坏出现在循环地震加载期间的压缩加载循环中。这项工作主要是实验性的，试图研究拉伸变形的力学因素对抗震墙行为的影响，特别是对横向屈曲现象的影响。构建了五个测试样本来模拟结构墙的受限边界区域。它们使用现代抗震和混凝土规范为边界端规定的最大纵向配筋率 (4.02%) 进行加固。除了考察伸长率的因素外，该方法试图检查使用纵向钢筋的最大允许配筋率的墙体细部是否抑制横向屈曲的出现。每个棱柱试样在不同的拉伸变形下发生应变。使用的伸长度等于0‰、10‰、20‰、30‰和50‰。在第一个拉伸加载循环之后，对每个试样施加第二个压缩加载循环，直到它们失效。因此，除了遭受零伸长率的第一个样品之外，对于每个样品总共进行了九次实验。推导出经验方程，试图估计不同拉伸程度的极限承载力和破坏时的归一化轴向变形。使用的伸长度等于0‰、10‰、20‰、30‰和50‰。在第一个拉伸加载循环之后，对每个试样施加第二个压缩加载循环，直到它们失效。因此，除了遭受零伸长率的第一个样品之外，对于每个样品总共进行了九次实验。推导出经验方程，试图估计不同拉伸程度的极限承载力和破坏时的归一化轴向变形。使用的伸长度等于0‰、10‰、20‰、30‰和50‰。在第一个拉伸加载循环之后，对每个试样施加第二个压缩加载循环，直到它们失效。因此，除了遭受零伸长率的第一个样品之外，对于每个样品总共进行了九次实验。推导出经验方程，试图估计不同拉伸程度的极限承载力和破坏时的归一化轴向变形。