Li and La co-doped Ba(1-x)(Lix/2Lax/2)TiO3 (BLLT) ceramics with x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04 at A—site was synthesized by sol–gel combustion method. The powder X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis showed a good crystalline nature with perovskite tetragonal structure and the grain size of the samples was estimated and compared using a scanning electron microscope. The decreasing trend in the optical band gap upon doping and carrier concentration values was calculated from UV–Vis absorption spectra. Electron paramagnetic resonance g ~ 1.998 for BLLT ceramics confirms that the electrons are localized near oxygen vacancies. The observed signals may be attributed to the reduction of Ti4+/Ti3+ and its related defects. Moreover, the room temperature magnetization versus magnetic field loops showed the mixed weak ferromagnetic and diamagnetic phase. The enhancement of e′ with respect to the doping of Li and La ion and increase in particle size due to the number of grain boundaries in BLLT ceramics were studied. The polarization versus electric field of BLLT samples indicates the lossy capacitor behavior, which is attributed to the relatively high leakage current caused by the existence of a defect or oxygen vacancies.

中文翻译：

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富集 Li+、La3+ 掺杂 BaTiO3 钙钛矿多功能陶瓷的光、电和磁性能

Li和La共掺杂Ba(1-x)(Lix/2Lax/2)TiO3 (BLLT)陶瓷，在A位x=0.01、0.02、0.03和0.04，采用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法合成。粉末 X 射线衍射和拉曼分析显示具有钙钛矿四方结构的良好结晶性质，并且使用扫描电子显微镜估计和比较样品的晶粒尺寸。从紫外-可见吸收光谱计算掺杂和载流子浓度值后光学带隙的下降趋势。BLLT 陶瓷的电子顺磁共振 g ~ 1.998 证实电子位于氧空位附近。观察到的信号可能归因于 Ti4+/Ti3+ 及其相关缺陷的减少。此外，室温磁化与磁场回路的关系显示出混合的弱铁磁和抗磁相。研究了由于 BLLT 陶瓷中晶界数量增加导致的 Li 和 La 离子掺杂导致的 e' 增强和颗粒尺寸的增加。BLLT 样品的极化与电场的关系表明有损耗的电容器行为，这归因于由缺陷或氧空位的存在引起的相对较高的漏电流。