The glycosylation of proteins and lipids has various essential roles in a diverse range of biological processes, including embryogenesis, organ development, neurogenesis, maintenance of homeostasis, immune response, and tumorigenesis. Drosophila melanogaster is one of the representative multicellular model organisms, which have many useful genetic manipulation tools; it is used in developmental biology as well as classical and molecular genetics. Glycobiology is not an exception and many studies using Drosophila have been performed in this field to clarify novel functions of glycans. Recently, genome-wide screening and functional analyses were performed in whole body, wings, eyes, neuromuscular junctions, and immune organs. Furthermore, detailed studies with Drosophila mutants of glycosyltransferases, nucleotide sugar transporters, and glycosidases revealed novel functions of N-linked glycans, glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids, and O-linked glycans including mucin type O-glycan, O-Fuc, O-Man, and O-GlcNAc. As many of these functions are common between Drosophila and humans, these mutants represent good models for human disease. In this review, recent studies of glycan functions using Drosophila are summarized.

中文翻译：

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使用果蝇果蝇糖基化的功能分析。

蛋白质和脂质的糖基化在各种生物学过程中具有多种重要作用，包括胚胎发生，器官发育，神经发生，体内稳态的维持，免疫应答和肿瘤发生。果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）是代表性的多细胞模型生物之一，具有许多有用的基因操作工具; 它被用于发育生物学以及经典和分子遗传学。糖生物学并不是一个例外，在这一领域已经进行了许多使用果蝇的研究，以阐明聚糖的新功能。最近，在全身，翅膀，眼睛，神经肌肉接头和免疫器官中进行了全基因组筛选和功能分析。此外，果蝇的详细研究糖基转移酶，核苷酸糖转运蛋白，和糖苷酶的突变体揭示的新颖功能Ñ -连接的聚糖，糖胺聚糖，糖脂，和ö -连接的聚糖，包括粘蛋白型ø聚糖，ö -fUC，Ó -Man，和ö -GlcNAc。由于果蝇和人类之间有许多共同的功能，因此这些突变体代表了人类疾病的良好模型。在这篇综述中，总结了使用果蝇对聚糖功能的最新研究。