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Functional analysis of glycosylation using Drosophila melanogaster

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Abstract

The glycosylation of proteins and lipids has various essential roles in a diverse range of biological processes, including embryogenesis, organ development, neurogenesis, maintenance of homeostasis, immune response, and tumorigenesis. Drosophila melanogaster is one of the representative multicellular model organisms, which have many useful genetic manipulation tools; it is used in developmental biology as well as classical and molecular genetics. Glycobiology is not an exception and many studies using Drosophila have been performed in this field to clarify novel functions of glycans. Recently, genome-wide screening and functional analyses were performed in whole body, wings, eyes, neuromuscular junctions, and immune organs. Furthermore, detailed studies with Drosophila mutants of glycosyltransferases, nucleotide sugar transporters, and glycosidases revealed novel functions of N-linked glycans, glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids, and O-linked glycans including mucin type O-glycan, O-Fuc, O-Man, and O-GlcNAc. As many of these functions are common between Drosophila and humans, these mutants represent good models for human disease. In this review, recent studies of glycan functions using Drosophila are summarized.

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Acknowledgments

The author’s works cited in this review were supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP16K15505 and JST-Mirai Program Grant Number JPMJMI18GB, Japan. I thank GlyCosmos for providing FlyGlycoDB, Glycan related Drosophila gene database.

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  1. Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-8577, Japan

    Shoko Nishihara

  2. Glycan & Life System Integration Center (GaLSIC), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, 192-8577, Japan

    Shoko Nishihara

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Nishihara, S. Functional analysis of glycosylation using Drosophila melanogaster. Glycoconj J 37, 1–14 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-019-09892-0

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