Purpose of Review

The purpose of this review is to summarise the current state of knowledge concerning known types of gain, the reasons why patients might seek it, as well as implications for headache disorders.

Recent Findings

Even though the subject has been studied in the past, it received less attention in recent years.

Summary

There is no doubt that migraine is a highly disabling disorder. However, attacks sometimes may be beneficial for the migraine brain as a time-out from the daily routine. On the other hand, patients are often stigmatised as trying to satisfy other needs through their disease. These “other needs” may be the exaggerated seeking for attention and affection or an undue official sickness certificate and were named secondary gain. Striving for secondary gain denotes a behaviour that aims at benefiting from a disease in a way that is seen as inappropriate by others. The fact that the term has persisted in doctors’ vocabulary for decades probably indicates that it designates a concept considered relevant by many. However, its usage is complicated by its usually imprecise definition. We found in a literature search that the strive for secondary gain is not limited to neurosis, might both occur consciously and unconsciously, sometimes may aim at financial gain and sometimes at social gain, and can either be potentially expected or readily obtained. This behaviour mainly seems to aim at shaping one’s interactions with the environment. Its causes have not been elucidated completely, though, but “unrequited demands for love, attention and affection” have been postulated. The desire for social gain can be influenced by approaches based upon behavioural psychology. Broaching the issue of secondary gain may be beneficial in the daily clinical routine.

中文翻译：

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承受偏头痛发作有什么好处吗？关于全面了解偏头痛的建议。

审查目的

这篇综述的目的是总结关于已知类型的增益的当前知识状态，患者可能寻求该增益的原因以及对头痛疾病的影响。

最近的发现

尽管过去已经研究了该主题，但近年来它受到的关注较少。

概要

毫无疑问，偏头痛是一种高度致残的疾病。但是，从日常例行活动中超时，有时发作可能对偏头痛的大脑有益。另一方面，患者常常因通过疾病满足其他需求而受到侮辱。这些“其他需求”可能是夸张的寻求关注和关爱，或者是过度的官方疾病证明，被称为次要收益。争取次要收益表示一种行为，旨在以一种他人认为不合适的方式从某种疾病中受益。该术语在医生的词汇表中已经存在数十年了，这一事实可能表明它指明了许多人认为相关的概念。然而，由于其通常不精确的定义，其用法变得复杂。我们在文献搜索中发现，为继发性收益而进行的努力不仅限于神经官能症，可能有意识和无意识地发生，有时可能以经济利益为目标，有时以社会利益为目标，并且可以潜在地预期或容易获得。这种行为似乎主要旨在塑造人与环境的互动。尽管其原因尚未完全阐明，但已提出“对爱，注意力和感情的单方面要求”。对社会收益的渴望会受到基于行为心理学的方法的影响。讨论次要收益问题可能对日常临床工作有益。并可能是潜在的预期或很容易获得。这种行为似乎主要旨在塑造人与环境的互动。尽管其原因尚未完全阐明，但已提出“对爱，注意力和感情的单方面要求”。对社会收益的渴望会受到基于行为心理学的方法的影响。讨论次要收益问题可能对日常临床工作有益。并可能是潜在的预期或很容易获得。这种行为似乎主要旨在塑造人与环境的互动。尽管其原因尚未完全阐明，但已提出“对爱，注意力和感情的单方面要求”。对社会收益的渴望会受到基于行为心理学的方法的影响。在日常的临床常规中，探讨次要增益问题可能是有益的。