Detachment (self-focused) and positive reinterpretation (situation-focused) are two important forms of cognitive reappraisal during emotion regulation. Previous research shows situation-focused reappraisal to be more effective than self-focused reappraisal for intentional emotion regulation. How the two differ in emotional consequences as components of automatic emotion regulation is however unclear. In the current study, event-related potentials were recorded to clarify this problem, while participants passively viewed disgusting or neutral scenes or formed implementation intentions based on self-focused or situation-focused reappraisal. Behavioural results showed fewer negative emotions during self-focused reappraisal than during either situation-focused reappraisal or free viewing (which had similar emotion ratings). In addition, self-reported cognitive cost was not enhanced during the two forms of reappraisal compared to passive viewing. Late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes for disgusting stimuli were larger than those elicited for neutral stimuli, at both frontal and posterior-parietal regions. This amplitude enhancement effect, irrespective of whether frontal or parietal LPP were involved, was found to be weaker during self-focused reappraisal than when participants were engaged in situation-focused reappraisal or passive viewing. The latter two conditions showed similar amplitude enhancement. These findings suggest that automatic self-focused reappraisal by implementation intention produces more favourable emotion regulation than situation-focused reappraisal, without enhancing cognitive cost.

中文翻译：

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通过实施意图自动自我聚焦和针对情况聚焦的恶心情绪重新评估：一项ERP研究。

拆离（以自我为中心）和积极重新诠释（以情境为中心）是情绪调节过程中认知重新评估的两种重要形式。先前的研究表明，以情境为重点的重新评估要比以自我为重点的重新评估更有效。作为自动情绪调节的组成部分，两者在情绪后果上有何不同尚不清楚。在当前的研究中，记录了事件相关的电位以澄清该问题，而参与者则被动地查看令人反感或中立的场景，或者基于自我关注或针对情况的重新评估而形成了实施意图。行为结果显示，与以情况为中心的重新评估或自由观看（具有相似的情感等级）相比，在以自我为中心的重新评估中负面情绪更少。此外，与被动观看相比，在两种形式的重新评估中，自我报告的认知成本没有增加。在额顶和后顶区，令人反感的刺激的晚期正电位（LPP）幅度大于中性刺激引起的幅度。不论涉及额叶还是顶叶LPP，这种幅度增强作用在进行自我重点重新评估时都比参与者进行针对情况的重新评估或被动观察时要弱。后两个条件显示相似的幅度增强。这些发现表明，通过执行意图进行自动的自我重点重新评估会比以情境为重点的重新评估产生更有利的情绪调节，而不会增加认知成本。