The study was aimed to address the role of nesfatin-1 on the sexual maturation of testis during the pubertal transition. The immunostaining of testis suggested nesfatin-1 is expressed in Leydig cells with pubertal maturation. The pre-pubertal mice for in vivo study were randomly divided in three groups; (a) control-saline (b) treated with low (0.25 nM) dose of nesfatin-1/gbw/day and (c) treated with high (1.25 nM) dose nesfatin-1/gbw/day. Histological analysis showed that nesfatin-1 loaded mice showed facilitated maturation of testis. Western blot analysis on various protein expressions upon injection of nesfatin-1 into pre-pubertal mice suggested that expressions of proteins involving steroid hormone production, spermatogenic markers (PCNA, Bcl2, AR), glucose uptake-related proteins (GLUT8 and insulin receptor) and GnRH-R and GPR-54 proteins were facilitated. Both of lactose dehydrogenase activity and lactate levels were increased. The treatment with nesfatin-1 also reduced oxidative stress, which further facilitates testicular functions during puberty. The treatment of nesfatin-1 on cultured testis also supports in vivo findings as evident by the increased testosterone production and StAR protein expression as well as increased glucose and lactate production. In sum, our data report for the first time the accelerative role of nesfatin-1 on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis of pre-pubertal male mice by directly acting on the testis coupled with the advancement of puberty.

中文翻译：

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青春期发育和性成熟过程中nesfatin-1在小鼠睾丸中的免疫组织化学定位和可能的功能。

该研究旨在探讨nesfatin-1在青春期过渡期对睾丸性成熟的作用。睾丸的免疫染色提示nesfatin-1在青春期成熟的Leydig细胞中表达。将用于体内研究的青春期前小鼠随机分为三组。（a）对照盐水（b）用低剂量（0.25 nM）的nesfatin-1 / gbw /天治疗，和（c）用高剂量（1.25 nM）的nesfatin-1 / gbw /天治疗。组织学分析表明，装载nesfatin-1的小鼠显示出睾丸成熟的促进作用。对青春期前小鼠注射nesfatin-1后各种蛋白质表达的蛋白质印迹分析表明，涉及类固醇激素产生，生精标记（PCNA，Bcl2，AR），促进了葡萄糖摄取相关蛋白（GLUT8和胰岛素受体）以及GnRH-R和GPR-54蛋白。乳糖脱氢酶活性和乳酸水平均增加。nesfatin-1的治疗还降低了氧化应激，这进一步促进了青春期睾丸功能的发展。在培养的睾丸上对nesfatin-1的治疗也支持体内的发现，如睾丸激素生成和StAR蛋白表达增加以及葡萄糖和乳酸生成增加所证明的。总而言之，我们的数据首次报道了nesfatin-1通过直接作用于睾丸并伴随青春期的发展对青春期前雄性小鼠精子发生和类固醇生成的促进作用。nesfatin-1的治疗还降低了氧化应激，这进一步促进了青春期睾丸功能的发展。在培养的睾丸上对nesfatin-1的治疗也支持体内的发现，如睾丸激素生成和StAR蛋白表达增加以及葡萄糖和乳酸生成增加所证明的。总而言之，我们的数据首次报道了nesfatin-1通过直接作用于睾丸并伴随青春期的发展对青春期前雄性小鼠精子发生和类固醇生成的促进作用。nesfatin-1的治疗还降低了氧化应激，这进一步促进了青春期睾丸功能的发展。在培养的睾丸上对nesfatin-1的治疗也支持体内的发现，如睾丸激素生成和StAR蛋白表达增加以及葡萄糖和乳酸生成增加所证明的。总而言之，我们的数据首次报道了nesfatin-1通过直接作用于睾丸并伴随青春期的发展对青春期前雄性小鼠精子发生和类固醇生成的促进作用。