Magnetic resonance imaging studies have begun to map effects of genetic variation on trajectories of brain development. Longitudinal studies of children and adolescents demonstrate a general pattern of childhood peaks of gray matter followed by adolescent declines, functional and structural increases in connectivity and integrative processing, and a changing balance between limbic/subcortical and frontal lobe functions, which extends well into young adulthood. Twin studies have demonstrated that genetic factors are responsible for a significant amount of variation in pediatric brain morphometry. Longitudinal studies have shown specific genetic polymorphisms affect rates of cortical changes associated with maturation. Although over-interpretation and premature application of neuroimaging findings for diagnostic purposes remains a risk, converging data from multiple imaging modalities is beginning to elucidate the influences of genetic factors on brain development and implications of maturational changes for cognition, emotion, and behavior.

中文翻译：

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发育中的儿童和青少年大脑的解剖磁共振成像和遗传变异的影响。

磁共振成像研究已经开始绘制遗传变异对大脑发育轨迹的影响。对儿童和青少年的纵向研究表明，童年时期的灰质高峰普遍存在，随后青少年下降，连接性和综合处理的功能和结构增加，边缘/皮层下和额叶功能之间的平衡不断变化，这种平衡一直延续到成年早期. 双胞胎研究表明，遗传因素是造成儿童大脑形态测量学显着变化的原因。纵向研究表明，特定的遗传多态性会影响与成熟相关的皮质变化率。尽管出于诊断目的过度解释和过早应用神经影像学发现仍然存在风险，