Polyfunctionality of carbohydrates and their low solubility in conventional organic solvents make rather complex their conversion to higher value added chemicals. Therefore, innovative processes are now strongly needed in order to increase the selectivity of these reactions. Here, we report an overview of the different heterogeneously-catalyzed processes described in the literature. In particular, hydrolysis, dehydration, oxidation, esterification, and etherification of carbohydrates are presented. We shall discuss the main structural parameters that need to be controlled and that permit the conversion of carbohydrates to bioproducts with good selectivity. The conversion of monosaccharides and disaccharides over solid catalysts, as well as recent advances in the heterogeneously-catalyzed conversion of cellulose, will be presented.

中文翻译：

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碳水化合物的非均相催化转化。

碳水化合物的多官能度及其在常规有机溶剂中的低溶解度使其转化为高附加值化学品的过程相当复杂。因此，现在强烈需要创新方法以增加这些反应的选择性。在这里，我们报告了文献中描述的不同异构催化过程的概述。特别地，提出了碳水化合物的水解，脱水，氧化，酯化和醚化。我们将讨论需要控制的主要结构参数，这些参数允许碳水化合物以良好的选择性转化为生物产品。将介绍单糖和二糖在固体催化剂上的转化，以及纤维素的非均相催化转化的最新进展。