OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of weight loss on multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. DESIGN Overweight women (n = 12; mean 44.2% fat) and men (n = 10; mean 30.7% fat) participated in an 8 week weight-loss program that included dietary, exercise, multi-vitamin/mineral supplementation, and behavior modification components. Measurement of total and regional body composition assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), circumferences and blood sampling for total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triacylglycerols, homocysteine, insulin and leptin were performed before and after the weight loss intervention. RESULTS Subjects increased their physical activity and decreased their energy intake, resulting in a mean decrease in body mass of - 4.3 +/- 3.4 kg in women and -4.7 +/- 3.1 kg in men. Fat accounted for 88 and 58% of the decrease in body mass in men and women, respectively. Proportionally, men lost significantly more fat mass from the trunk region compared to women. Serum total and LDL cholesterol were significantly decreased in men (-11 and -14%, respectively) but not women (-3 and -3%, respectively) and there were no changes in HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerols. Serum leptin was significantly decreased (-36%) and highly correlated to fat mass (r= 0.839). There were no changes in serum insulin and plasma homocysteine. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that short-term weight loss resulting from reducing percentage energy from fat, increasing physical activity and vitamin/mineral supplements including folic acid has a favorable effect on regional body composition and total and LDL cholesterol with minimal effects on HDL cholesterol, triacylglycerols, homocysteine and insulin and the effects are greater in men compared to women. Supplementation with folic acid or emphasis on folic acid-rich foods may be an important component of a weight loss program to prevent increases in homocysteine.

中文翻译：

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为期8周的减肥计划对心血管疾病危险因素和局部身体成分的影响。

目的确定减肥对多种心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素的影响。设计超重的女性（n = 12；平均脂肪44.2％）和男性（n = 10；平均脂肪30.7％）参加了为期8周的减肥计划，包括饮食，运动，多种维生素/矿物质补充和行为改变组件。在减肥干预前后，使用双能X线骨密度仪（DEXA），周长和血液采样对总胆固醇，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，三酰甘油，高半胱氨酸，胰岛素和瘦素进行评估，评估总体和局部身体成分。结果受试者增加了体育锻炼并减少了能量摄入，导致女性平均体重下降-4.3 +/- 3.4千克，男性平均下降-4.7 +/- 3.1千克。在男性和女性体重下降中，脂肪分别占88％和58％。按比例，与女性相比，男性从躯干区域损失的脂肪量明显更多。男性（分别为-11％和-14％）的血清总胆固醇和LDL胆固醇显着降低，而女性（分别为-3％和-3％）没有显着降低，HDL胆固醇和三酰甘油没有变化。血清瘦素显着降低（-36％），并与脂肪量高度相关（r = 0.839）。血清胰岛素和血浆同型半胱氨酸没有变化。结论这些数据表明，短期的体重减轻是由于减少了来自脂肪的能量百分比，增加身体活动和包括叶酸在内的维生素/矿物质补充剂对区域身体组成和总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇具有有利影响，而对高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，三酰甘油，高半胱氨酸和胰岛素的影响则微乎其微，与女性相比，男性的影响更大。补充叶酸或强调富含叶酸的食物可能是减肥计划中防止高半胱氨酸增加的重要组成部分。