Myelinating cells of both the peripheral and central nervous systems (CNSs) undergo dramatic cytoskeletal reorganization in order to differentiate and produce myelin. Myelinating oligodendrocytes in the CNS show a periodic actin pattern, demonstrating tight regulation of actin. Furthermore, recent data demonstrate that actin polymerization drives early cell differentiation and that actin depolymerization drives myelin wrapping. Dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton in myelinating cells is seen in some disease states. This review highlights the cytoskeletal molecules that regulate differentiation of and myelination by cells of the PNS and CNS, informing our understanding of neural development, in particular myelination.

中文翻译：

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髓鞘细胞中的肌动蛋白细胞骨架。

周围和中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的髓鞘细胞经历剧烈的细胞骨架重组，以分化和产生髓磷脂。中枢神经系统中的髓鞘少突胶质细胞表现出周期性肌动蛋白模式，表明肌动蛋白的严格调节。此外，最近的数据表明，肌动蛋白聚合驱动早期细胞分化，肌动蛋白解聚驱动髓磷脂包裹。在某些疾病状态下，髓鞘细胞中肌动蛋白细胞骨架的失调可见。这篇综述重点介绍了调节 PNS 和 CNS 细胞分化和髓鞘形成的细胞骨架分子，有助于我们了解神经发育，特别是髓鞘形成。