External fixation has a wide variety of orthopedic applications. Although external fixator frames may have a complex appearance, these constructs are formed from several basic components and can be broadly categorized into unilateral, circular, or hybrid designs. The introduction of computer-aided circular external fixation devices (hexapod frames) has simplified the treatment of multiaxial and especially rotational deformities. Serial radiography plays a central role in the evaluation of callus formation (at the level of treated fracture or nonunion as well as the regenerate and docking site with distraction osteogenesis), tailoring the rate and rhythm of distraction during distraction osteogenesis, evaluation of frame complications, and determination of the timing of frame removal. The goals of this article are to review: the components, types, and relevant terminology of external fixator constructs with special emphasis on the Taylor spatial frame, the principles and techniques of distraction osteogenesis, and complications of external fixation.

中文翻译：

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外固定器：超越硬件迷宫。

外固定具有多种矫形应用。尽管外部固定器框架的外观可能很复杂，但是这些构造是由几个基本组件组成的，可以大致分为单边，圆形或混合设计。计算机辅助圆形外固定装置（六脚架）的引入简化了多轴畸形，尤其是旋转畸形的治疗。连续放射照相在评估骨call形成（在治疗的骨折或骨不连以及具有牵张成骨作用的再生和对接部位的水平），调整牵张成骨过程中的牵张率和节律，评估框架并发症，并确定删除帧的时间。本文的目的是回顾：组件，类型，