Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) are members of pattern recognition receptors and serve a pivotal role in host immunity. TLRs response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns encoded by pathogens or damage-associated molecular patterns released by dying cells, initiating an inflammatory cascade, where both beneficial and detrimental effects can be exerted. Accumulated evidence has revealed that TLRs are closely associated with various kidney diseases but their roles are still not well understood. This review updated evidence on the roles of TLRs in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases including urinary tract infection, glomerulonephritis, acute kidney injury, transplant allograft dysfunction and chronic kidney diseases.

Toll样受体（TLR）是模式识别受体的成员，在宿主免疫中起关键作用。TLR对由病原体编码的病原体相关分子模式或垂死细胞释放的与损伤相关的分子模式作出反应，从而引发炎症级联反应，从而可以发挥有益和有害的作用。越来越多的证据表明，TLR与各种肾脏疾病密切相关，但它们的作用仍未得到很好的了解。这篇综述更新了有关TLR在肾脏疾病发病机制中的作用的证据，这些疾病包括尿路感染，肾小球肾炎，急性肾脏损伤，同种异体移植功能障碍和慢性肾脏疾病。